Sign test for matched pairs, 125, 192–195
worked example, 194–195
Significance, 131
of regression slope, 269
and multiple tests, 132
(See Statistical significance)
Simple effect(s), 14, 342
Skewness, 67
Spearman’s rank order correlation (See correlation)
worked example, 212–215
Spit-half reliability (See Reliability coefficients)
Split plot Analysis of variance SAS code for, 345
Squared multiple correlation R^2 , 282
Standard normal curve, 106
Standard deviation, 68–70
of binomial variable, 99
of residuals in regression, 266
and degrees of freedom, 71
and Root Mean Square Error, 266, 282
Standard error, 101–102
of a test, 31
of difference between means, 134, 295–296, 303–309
of difference in proportions, 188, 190
of lsmean. 341
of mean, 31, 75
of proportion, 101
of Wilcoxon M-W test statistic, 227
of b 1 , (regression slope parameter), 257, 269
related to sample size and variance, 101–102
and confidence interval, 102
and statistical power, 134
Statistic(s), 1
descriptive, 1
inferential, 1
Statistical model, 1
for 2-way ANOVA, 315
and in regression format, 316
Statistical notation, 353, 354
Statistical power, 114
and effect size, 135
and sample size, 134
and Type I error rate, 135
and variance, 134
Statistical significance, 2, 131
and educational significance, 2, 5
Statistical inference, 86
Stem and leaf plot, 54
Student’s t-distribution, 296
Sums of squares for cross products, 266
Sums of squares in ANOVA, 317, 322
between subjects, 322
error, 323
Index 418