Statistical Analysis for Education and Psychology Researchers

(Jeff_L) #1

3.10 Vertical and horizontal frequency bar charts 53


3.


Stem and leaf plot of the variable ASCORE1 (Total A-level


points score)


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55


3.12 Split stem and leaf plot for the variable AGEY (age in years) 55


3.


Box and whisker plot for the variable ASCORE1, total A-


level score (stem and leaf plot adjacent)


57


3.


Stated limits and real limits for the two lowest score


intervals in Table 3.


60


3.15 Histogram for the variable age in years 62


3.16 Theoretical normal distribution curve 66


3.17 Positively and negatively skewed distributions 67


3.


SAS output from the program check.job. (Missing and out-


of-range values are printed)


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82


4.1 Overview of the empirical research process 85


4.2 Pascal’s triangle of expected outcomes 95


4.3 Distribution of male pulse rates 105


4.4 Statistical power and Type I error 113


4.5 Type II error 113


4.


A summary of the possible outcomes of the decision-making


process


114


5.


Decision chart for choosing a statistical test


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28


5.2 Output from SAS programme POWER1 135


5.3 Sample size estimates for two different proportions 136

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