Cover_Rebuilding West Africas Food Potential

Chapter List of tables, figures and boxes

Table 1. Caloric consumption (in Kcal/day/inhabitant) in West Africa in Tables

Table 2. Indirect and invisible costs as percentages of firms’ sales

value and acreage (average 2005-2010) Table 3. Top 20 food crops in West Africa ranked in terms of production volume,

Table 4. Palm oil and groundnuts production and consumption trends in West Africa 1990-2010

Table 5. Trade flows for six strategic commodities in six key ECOWAS countries

Figure 1. Population growth in millions for West Africa (plus Cameroon and Chad) Figures

Figure 2. Rate of urbanization (in %) in West Africa from 1950-2010

Figure 3. Staple crop utilization shares (in %) by top producers (2009)

Figure 4. Share of paved roads(2004)

Figure 5. Electric power consumption (kwh per capita) and energy use (kg oil equiv. per capita)

Figure 6. Cost of electricity in some West African countries (CFAF/ Kwh)

Figure 7. R&D share of total GDP for West Africa and other comparable regions and the world

Figure 8. Trends in total factor productivity for sub-Saharan Africa and other developing regions

Figure 9. Agricultural productivity (agricultural value added per worker)

Figure 10. Available land per capita in West Africa and other regions (ha per capita)

Figure 11. Geographical distribution of the major food crops in West Africa

Figure 12. Top commodities produced in terms of volume (12A), acreage (12B) and value (12C)

Figure 13. Nigeria’s share of staple crop production in West Africa (MT)

Figure 14. Cereal production trends in West Africa since

Figure 15. Top West African cassava producers (x 1000 tonnes)

Figure 16. Top 4 palm oil producers in West Africa (x 1000 tonnes)

Figure 17. Fertilizer consumption in West Africa, 2007-2009

Figure 18. Cereal yield trends in West Africa

Figure 19. Cassava yield trends (tonne/ha)

growth, urbanization, and import facilitation policies Box 1. The phenomenal surge of rice consumption in West Africa: A combination of population
- Promotion project Box 2. Enhancing regional trade and value chains: the USAID Agribusiness and Trade

sector, in %, 2005-2010 Figure 11. Observed nominal rate of protection (NRPo) by product group and for the

exported sector, in %, 2005-2010 Figure 12. Comparison of nominal rates of protection (NRPs) at producer level for

sector, in %, 2005-2010 Figure 13. Adjusted nominal rate of protection (NRPa) by product group and for the

Figure 14. Market development gaps (MDG) by product, in %, 2005-2010

Figure 15. Simplified representation of the policy process

Figure 16. Logical framework for MAFAP’s policy coherence analysis

Figure 17. Visual representation of Mali’s main policy and operational frameworks

Figure 18. Rice production, imports and exports in Mali from 1980 to

Figure 19. Observed and adjusted NRP to rice wholesalers and producers in Mali, 2005-2010

Figure 20. Cattle production in Mali, thousands of heads, 1961-2010

Figure 21. Observed and adjusted NRP to cattle wholesalers and producers in Mali, 2005-2010

Figure 22. Millet cultivated area, production and yields in Mali, 1991-2011

Figure 23. Sorghum cultivated area, production and yields in Mali, 1991-2011

Figure 24. Observed and adjusted NRP to millet wholesalers and producers in Mali, 2005-2010

Figure 25. Observed and adjusted NRP to sorghum wholesalers and producers in Mali, 2005-2010

Chapter

Table 1. Links between smallholders and agro-industry: Key success factors Tables

Figure 1. Smallholder market engagement Figures

Figure 2. Milk collection centers for LdB

Figure 3. Evolution of milk collection volumes at LdB15

Figure 4. Milk supply chain for LdB

Figure 5. FBO Development Stages

Chapter

Table 1. Main components of the internal assessment of the PO (according GAIN) Tables

Table 2. Main income generating activities of the UGTT members

Table 3. Strengths and weaknesses of the Tien-Tieetaa Union’s capabilities and resources

Table 4. Local partners of the Tien-Tietaa Union and services provided

Table 5. National partners of the Tien-Tietaa Union and services provided

Table 6. Timeline for savings and credit proposals

Table 7. Timeline for seed production proposals

Table 8. Timeline for collective marketing proposals

Table 9. Partners’ perspectives vis-à-vis the Tien-Tieetaa Union (bilateral consultations)

Table 10. Tien-Tieetaa Union’s Plan of Action after consulting with partners List of tables, figures and boxes XIII

Table 11. Key economic activities of the studied producer organizations

Table 12. Comparative governance of the three studied producer organizations

Table 13. Key partners of the three studied producer organizations

Table 14. Product marketing practices of the studied producer organizations

Figure 1. Representation of the PO and its immediate environment by GAIN Figures

Figure 2. The 4 principles of the GAIN methodology

Figure 3. Main steps of the GAIN methodology

Figure 4. The GAIN iterative scheme for the development of the PO’s new vision

Chapter

Table 1. Cotton and Cocoa Exports, 2005 and Tables

Value Added from Agriculture and GDP, 2005 and Table 2. Gross Production Value (GPV) as a Share of Agricultural Production,

Table 3. Cocoa Price Linkages, 2002 – Cameroon, Côte d’Ivoire, Ghana and Nigeria

Table 4. Cotton Price Linkages, 2005 – Burkina Faso, Mali, and Côte d’Ivoire

Figure 1. Monthly International Cocoa and Cotton Prices, 1970-2011 Figures

Figure 2. Cocoa Value Chain in West Africa

Figure 3. Cocoa Producer (Farmgate) Prices Compared to the ICCO Price, 1970-2007

Figure 4. Cotton Value Chain in West Africa

Figure 5. Cotton Producer (Farmgate) Prices Compared to the A index, 1970-2007

Chapter

Table 1. Smallholder procurement in sub-Saharan African export supply chains Tables

Table 2. Employment in Sub-Saharan African export horticulture supply chains

Figure 1. Changing structure of developing countries’1 agro-food exports, 1985 - Figures

Figure 2. Index of agricultural exports from West Africa, 1991-2005

Figure 3. Value of horticulture exports from Senegal, 2000 –

Figure 4. Exports of fruits from Côte d’Ivoire

exports for Ghana, Senegal, and Togo (1985-2006) Figure 5. Share of main traditional export crops in value of total agricultural

Figure 6. Trends in contract farming and employment impact in export-led agro-processing

Figure 7. Revenue and employment effects from contract farming in export agro-industry XIV Rebuilding West Africa’s food potential

export agro-industry Figure 8. Poverty impact from contract farming, employment and non-participation in

Figure 9. Revenue impacts for farmers working or not in the tomato industry

Figure 10. Poverty impact from participation in tomato processing

Box 1. The rise of Senegal’s fruits and vegetable exports Boxes

Box 2. West Africa’s largest fruit and vegetable exporter: Côte d’Ivoire

Box 3. The stringency of private standards: EurepGAP/GlobalGAP

Box 4. Coordination problems among producer organizations in Senegal

Box 5. Private support for farmer organizations in Ghana

Box 6. Income and poverty effects of French beans exports in Senegal

Box 7. Complete vertical integration in the tomato export sector in Senegal

Chapter

Table 1. Model indicators for analyzed value chains Tables

Table 2. Key features of the mango sector in three countries

Table 3. Three categories of mango value-chain models

Table 4. Common constraints and external interventions in mango value chains

Table 5. Most common chain models in Benin, Burkina Faso and Ghana

Table 6. Overview of five mango chain models

Table 7. Sample selection of mango producers for the five case studies

Table 8. Market efficiency of the chain models

Table 9. Contribution of mango farming to total income

Table 10. Overview of results chain model assessment

Table 11. Net investment index for the analyzed case studies

Table 12. Key characteristics and possible interventions by case study

Figure 1. Composition of APROMAB Figures

Figure 2. Schematic representations of three mango value-chain models

Figure 3. Schematic overview of COOPAKE sales structure

Figure 4. Schematic picture of DAFANI input and output markets

Figure 5. Gross Investment Index of smallholders in different chainmodels

Figure 6. Net Investment Index of smallholders in different chain models

Figure 7. Perception of smallholders on current situation and current trends

Chapter List of tables, figures and boxes XV

Table 1. Share of Palm Oil Related Products in Total Demand: Ghana and West Africa Tables

Table 2. Sub-regional Production and Consumption of Palm Oil in

Table 3. The Importation of Palm Oil in the Sub-region (2008)

Table 4. Palm Oil and PKO Demand in 2011: Ghana, Nigeria and Côte d’Ivoire (1000 MT)

Table 5. Demand and Deficits for Palm Oil Related Products: Ghana and West Africa

Table 6. Exports and Imports of Vegetable oils (MT), Ghana (2000-2010)

Table 7. Major Oil Palm Companies and Areas Cultivated

Table 8. Major Oil Palm Companies and Areas Cultivated (by Scale)

Table 9. Number and Gender of Workers Involved in Artisanal Processing

Table 10. Cost Estimate for Maintaining an Acre of Oil Palm to Fruiting (FGD estimates)

Table 11. Oil Palm Processing Cost and Revenue

Table 12. Summary of Profitability Analysis of WAML Industries Limited

Table 13. Gender and Scale of Production

Table 14. Gender and Acreage under Oil Palm Cultivation

Table 15. Gender and Type of Production

Table 16. Gender and Smallholder Farmer Linkages with Buyers of FFBs

Table 17. Gender and Quantity Harvested per Acre (2.5 acres = 1 ha)33

Table 18. New Large-scale Oil Palm Projects in West Africa

and Major World Producers of Oil Palm Table 19. Comparison of Production Costs, FFB Yield and % OER - Ghana

Figure 1. Map of Ghana Showing the Oil Palm Growing Areas Figures

Figure 2. Map of Ghana Showing the Study Area in the Oil Palm Growing Zone

Figure 3. Volumes of Vegetable Oil Imports to Ghana, 2000-2010

Figure 4. Average (2000-2010) Volumes of Vegetable Oil Imports (MT)

Figure 5. The Oil Palm Supply Chain

Figure 6. The Oil Palm Product Value Chain

Figure 7. New Project Maps in the Region

Figure 8. A Model Inclusive of Smallholder Farmers for Oil Palm

Box 1. A Smallholder “Large-scale” Producer at Pramkese Boxes

Box 2. Joe’s Palm Oil Mill and Farms - a “Medium-scale” Private Processor

production methods in Sikasso Figure 15. Lowest and highest added value added per ha according to selling and

Figure 16. Problem tree of the productive component for the rice sector in Mali

Figure 17. Problem tree of the commercial side of the rice sector in Mali

Figure 18. Objective tree for the production component of the rice sector in Mali

Figure 19. Objective tree for the commercial component of the rice sector in Mali

Chapter

Table 1. Maize products characteristics depending on final uses Tables

Table 2. Monthly producers and wholesale prices

Table 3. Transport costs in the main West-African corridors

Figure 1. Expenditures shares in Burkinabe’s households’ food consumption Figures

Figure 2. Expenditure shares in rural Burkinabe’s households’ food consumption

Figure 3. Juxtaposition of cotton and maize production areas in West and Central Africa

Figure 4. Cereal production patterns in x1000 tons in Burkina Faso

Figure 5. Cereal yields patterns (tons/ha) in Burkina Faso

Figure 6. Maize supply chain

Figure 7. Maize prices in Burkina Faso

Figure 8. Intra-annual price fluctuations in Burkina Faso (2006-2008)

Box 1. Cereal banks and inventory credit in West Africa Boxes

Box 2. Enhancing regional trade in cereals in West Africa: USAID/ATP experience

Chapter

Figure 1. Location of sorghum and millet production basins in West Africa Figures

Figure 2. Cereal production patterns in Mali in tonnes

Figure 3. Crop productivity patterns in Mali hg/ha

Figure 4. Average monthly real sorghum prices FCFA/Kg, 1993-2007 (Base: 2000)

prices, in current CFAF/Kg value, 1993-2007 Figure 5. Empirical relationship between producer and consumer monthly sorghum

Box 1. Warrantage as a viable instrument for credit facilitation Boxes

Box 2. INTSORMIL Project and improved sorghum and millet technologies

Box 3. A public-private partnership to develop biofortified sorghum for West Africa

Box 4. Cereal fairs (bourses aux céréales)

Chapter XVIII Rebuilding West Africa’s food potential

Figure 1. Presentation of the main stakeholders of the cassava by-products marketing chain Figures

Table 1. Household consumption of cassava processed products in Tables

between 2001 and Table 2. Comparisons of household consumption in cassava processed products

Table 3. Cassava farm sizes

Table 4. The main production areas for cassava in Cameroon

Table 5. The main cassava by-products in Cameroon

Table 6. Cassava price structure in the Yaoundé region

Table 7. Price structure for wholesale markets in CFAF

Table 8. Price structure for retail sales on the Douala and Yaoundé markets

Table 9. Cassava products and by product exports (tons) to EU and USA in 2000/2001

Table 10. Cassava by-products and product exports (tons) to neighboring countries in 2000/2001

Table 11. Cassava paste quantities processed by international exporters

Table 12. Situation of the products under study in the modern retailing channels

Box 1. Processor women group FEDDMA (around the Mbouda market) Boxes

Box 2. Producers’ women group of the Bityili CVC (Coordinating village committee)

Box 3. Few examples of successful groups in credit, processing, and marketing

Box 4. The National Program of Roots and Tubers’ Development (PNDRT)

Cover_Rebuilding West Africas Food Potential

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