da Sangallo, Antonio the Younger ( 1483 – 1546 ) or ( 1485 – 1546 )
Design for a freestanding tomb seen in elevation and plan, Uffizi, UFF 1153 A.v.,
11.115.5cm, Pen and brown ink, brush and brown wash on tan laid paperAntonio da Sangallo, born in Florence in 1485 , was the nephew of two da Sangallo architects,
Giuliano and Antonio the Elder. He trained under their tutelage before arriving in Rome in approxi-
mately 1503. Although obviously influenced by his uncles, his architecture proved to adhere to the
classicism of the High Renaissance.
da Sangallo designed numerous architectural projects throughout his life, such as the interior of
Capella Paolina in the Vatican, Palazzo Palma-Baldassini, Rome, in 1520 , Palazzo Sacchetti, Rome,
begun in 1542 , and Palazzo Baldassini, which evokes the architecture of ancient Rome with its massive
masonry. After a period as Raphael’s assistant, in 1539 he became the chief architect for St. Peter’s and
supplied designs for the alteration of Bramante’s plan (Musgrove, 1987 ). Although not executed, his
plan advocated altering the Greek plan into a more traditional cathedral plan, considering liturgical
requirements. For many years he was employed as a military engineer working on fortifications around
Rome. Antonio da Sangallo died in 1546 in Rome, having spent much of his life working on St. Peter’s.
With this page of sketches (Figure 1.4) da Sangallo appears to have been employing diagrams to
calculate visually. The diagrams may have worked to serve his memory for difficult items such as
numerous dimensions and proportions, or as simple outlines to frame his concentration of a specific
subject. They may not have acted as an imitation, but instead were used to convey basic spatial rela-
tionships. Diagrams may be defined in mathematical terms as assisting to present a definition or
‘to aid in the proof of a proposition.’ Additionally, they can be outlines or abstractions that provide
the basic scheme of something to reveal ‘the shape and relations of its various parts’ (OED,
1985 ). Similar to a definition of sketches, diagrams may help to isolate the essence of a concept or
proposition.
On the right side of the page stands a column, giving just enough information to recognize it as
such. A simple outline, the column has been overlaid with a grid and is accompanied by a series of
numbers, possibly describing dimensions or calculations pertaining to the construction of the col-
umn. The left side of this page reveals an inverted column where the capital and base have been
dimensioned but the shaft, having been foreshortened, reveals its relative unimportance. Around the
periphery, as partial musings, are pen testing marks, capital carvings, small column elevations, and
unfinished details of moldings and stairs. It is possible to view two tones of the brown ink used for
this sketch, conveying a sense of the passage of time. This is especially visible where he crosses out
particular numbers. It might be assumed that either the sketch was drawn at one time and altered later
with a different mix of ink, or that da Sangallo freshly dipped his pen before crossing out the inappro-
priate numbers after reconsideration.
The ‘look’ of the column was obviously unimportant, as he avoided shadows or details. Slightly
skewed to the right, vertical fluting extends beyond the capital top, suggesting that he began calcu-
lating the sections from the base. The section numbers can be equated with the long list of numbers
viewed horizontally while they vary in individual dimensions. The horizontal section markings may
represent the pieces intended for assembly in construction of the column or a key for the changes in
the diameter or entasis. Most importantly, it was unnecessary for da Sangallo to carefully render the
column because the brief outline acted to visually reference the spatial relationships. The left column
also has been dimensioned, and here the details are small parts of the planned carving. These limited
suggestions of ornament were enough for him to remember what had been planned for each portion.H5719-Ch01.qxd 7/15/05 3:18 PM Page 31