Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering: An Integrated Approach, 3e

GTBL042-15 GTBL042-Callister-v2 August 29, 2007 8:52

656 • Chapter 15 / Composites

anisotropic composite that are cemented onto one another such that the high-strength

direction is varied with each successive layer. Sandwich panels consist of two strong

and stiff sheet faces that are separated by a core material or structure. These structures

combine relatively high strengths and stiffnesses with low densities.

IMPORTANT TERMS AND CONCEPTS

Carbon–carbon composite

Ceramic-matrix composite

Cermet

Concrete

Dispersed phase

Dispersion-strengthened

composite

Fiber

Fiber-reinforced composite

Hybrid composite

Laminar composite

Large-particle composite

Longitudinal direction

Matrix phase

Metal-matrix composite

Polymer-matrix composite

Prepreg

Prestressed concrete

Principle of combined action

Reinforced concrete

Rule of mixtures

Sandwich panel

Specific modulus

Specific strength

Structural composite

Transverse direction

Whisker

REFERENCES

Agarwal, B. D. and L. J. Broutman,Analysis and

Performance of Fiber Composites,2nd edition,

Wiley, New York, 1990.

Ashbee, K. H.,Fundamental Principles of Fiber

Reinforced Composites, 2nd edition, Tech-

nomic Publishing Company, Lancaster, PA,

1993.

ASM Handbook,Vol. 21,Composites,ASM Inter-

national, Materials Park, OH, 2001.

Chawla, K. K.,Composite Materials Science and

Engineering,2nd edition, Springer-Verlag, New

York, 1998.

Chou, T. W., R. L. McCullough, and R. B. Pipes,

“Composites,”Scientific American,Vol. 255,

No. 4, October 1986, pp. 192–203.

Hollaway, L. (Editor),Handbook of Polymer Com-

posites for Engineers,Technomic Publishing

Company, Lancaster, PA, 1994.

Hull, D. and T. W. Clyne,An Introduction to Com-

posite Materials,2nd edition, Cambridge Uni-

versity Press, New York, 1996.

Mallick, P. K.,Fiber-Reinforced Composites, Mate-

rials, Manufacturing, and Design,2nd edition,

Marcel Dekker, New York, 1993.

Peters, S. T.,Handbook of Composites,2nd edition,

Springer-Verlag, New York, 1998.

Strong, A. B.,Fundamentals of Composites: Materi-

als, Methods, and Applications,Society of Man-

ufacturing Engineers, Dearborn, MI, 1989.

Woishnis, W. A. (Editor),Engineering Plastics and

Composites,2nd edition, ASM International,

Materials Park, OH, 1993.

QUESTIONS AND PROBLEMS

Additional problems and questions for this chapter may be found on both Student and

Instructor Companion Sites atwww.wiley.com/college/callister.

Large-Particle Composites

15.1The mechanical properties of cobalt may be

improved by incorporating fine particles of

tungsten carbide (WC). Given that the mod-

uli of elasticity of these materials are, respec-

tively, 200 GPa (30× 106 psi) and 700 GPa

(102× 106 psi), plot modulus of elasticity ver-

sus the volume percent of WC in Co from 0

to 100 vol%, using both upper- and lower-

bound expressions.

15.2A large-particle composite consisting of

tungsten particles within a copper matrix is

to be prepared. If the volume fractions of

tungsten and copper are 0.70 and 0.30, re-

spectively, estimate the upper limit for the