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GTBL042-Index GTBL042-Callister-v3 October 18, 2007 20:15
2nd Revise PageIndex • 863of beverage cans, 789
ceramic materials, 694
electrochemistry of, 662–668
environmental effects, 680
environments, 688–689
forms of, 680–688
galvanic series, 669–670
overview of, 661
passivity, 678–679, 848
rates, 670
prediction of, 671–678
Corrosion fatigue, 325–326, 841
Corrosion inhibitors, 689
Corrosion penetration rate, 670,
841
Corrosion prevention, 689–691
Corundum, 545.See also
Aluminum oxide
crystal structure, 96
Cost of various materials, 829–833
Coulombic force, 27, 841
Covalency, degree of, 29
Covalent bonding, 28–29, 45–46,
98, 841
Crack configurations in ceramics,
306
Crack critical velocity, 306
Crack formation, 290
in ceramics, 306
fatigue and, 320
glass, 593
Crack propagation, 290.See also
Fracture mechanics
in brittle fracture, 293
in ceramics, 304–308
in ductile fracture, 290–291
fatigue and, 320–322
Cracks:
stablevs. unstable, 290
Crack surface displacement modes,
299, 300
Crazing, 309
Creep, 326–331, 841
ceramics, 331
influence of temperature and
stress on, 328–329
mechanisms, 329
in polymers, 221–222, 331
stages of, 326–327
steady-state rate, 327
viscoelastic, 221–222
Creep compliance, 222
Creep modulus, 222
Creep rupture tests, 327
data extrapolation, 329–330Crevice corrosion, 682–683, 841
Cristobalite, 54, 377
Critical cooling rate:
ferrous alloys, 427–429
glass-ceramics, 542
Critical fiber length, 625–626
Critical resolved shear stress, 250,
841
as related to dislocation density,
285
Critical stress (fracture), 297
Critical temperature,
superconductivity, 750, 752
Critical velocity (crack), 306, 308
Crosslinking, 110–111, 841
elastomers, 278–279
influence on viscoelastic
behavior, 221
thermosetting polymers, 116
Crystalline materials, 38, 80, 841
defects, 128–149
single crystals, 80–81, 850
Crystallinity, polymers, 117–121,
841
influence on mechanical
properties, 276
Crystallites, 121, 841
Crystallization, polymers, 447–448
Crystallographic directions, 66–70
easy and hard magnetization, 741
families, 68
Crystallographic planes, 70–75
atomic arrangements, 73–74
close-packed, ceramics, 79–80
close-packed, metals, 77–78
diffraction by, 83–85
families, 74
Crystallographic point coordinates,
64–66
Crystal structures, 38–44, 842.
See alsoBody-centered cubic
structure; Close-packed crystal
structures; Face-centered
cubic structure; Hexagonal
close-packed structure
ceramics, 45–52
close-packed, ceramics, 79–80
close-packed, metals, 77–78
determination by x-ray
diffraction, 83–87
selected metals, 40
types, ceramics, 45–52, 79–80
types, metals, 40–43, 77–78
Crystallization (ceramics), 541, 594,
841Crystal systems, 61–62, 842
Cubic crystal system, 61, 62
Cubic ferrites, 731–735
Cunife, 745, 746
Cup-and-cone fracture, 291
Curie temperature, 735, 842
ferroelectric, 507
ferromagnetic, 708
Curing, plastics, 608
Current density, 462
Cyclic stresses, 315–316D
Damping capacity, steelvs. cast
iron, 525, 528
Data scatter, 229–230
Debye temperature, 707, 708
Decarburization, 166
Defects,see alsoDislocations
atomic vibrations and, 147, 149
dependence of properties on, 127
in ceramics, 130–133, 135
interfacial, 144–147
point, 128–133, 848
in polymers, 136, 137
surface, 148
volume, 147
Defect structure, 130, 842
Deformation:
elastic,seeElastic deformation
elastomers, 278–279
plastic,seePlastic deformation
Deformation mechanism maps
(creep), 329
Deformation mechanisms
(semicrystalline polymers),
elastic deformation, 272–273
plastic deformations, 274, 275
Degradation of polymers, 695–699,
842
Degree of polymerization, 107, 842
Degrees of freedom, 378
Delayed fracture, 304
Density:
computation for ceramics, 52–53
computation for metal alloys,
139
computation for metals, 44–45
computation for polymers, 120
of dislocations, 246
linear atomic, 75–76
planar atomic, 76
polymers (values for), 803–804
ranges for material types (bar
chart), 6