Fundamentals of Materials Science and Engineering: An Integrated Approach, 3e

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Index • 871

Magnetostrictive materials, 12

Magnetorheological fluids, 12

Majority charge carriers, 479

Malleability,seeDuctility

Malleable cast iron, 526, 527, 529,

846

compositions, mechanical

properties, and applications,

527

Manganese oxide, as

antiferromagnetic material,

731

Manufacturing techniques,

economics, 791

Martensite, 421–423, 427–428, 438,

846

alloying to favor formation of,

427–428

crystal structure, 422

hardness, 433–434

hardnessvs. carbon content, 433

shape-memory phase

transformations, 439–440

tempering of, 434–437

Martensitic stainless steels, 522,

523

Materials:

advanced, 10–13

by design, 12

classification of, 5–10

costs, 642, 829–833

current and future needs, 13

disposal of, 793–794

economic considerations, 790–791

engineered, 792

of the future, 11–13

historical development of, 2

nanoengineered, 12–13

nonrenewable sources of, 13, 793

smart, 11–12

total cycle, 792–793

Materials engineering, 3–5,

187–188

Materials of Importance:

aluminum electrical wires,

472–473

aluminum for integrated circuit

interconnects, 178–179

carbon nanotubes, 60

carbonated beverage containers,

11

catalysts (and surface defects),

148

Invar and other low-expansion

alloys, 712

an iron-silicon alloy that is used

in transformer cores, 743

lead-free solders, 362

light-emitting diodes, 776–777

metal alloys used for euro coins,

539

nanocomposites in tennis balls,

653–654

phenolic billiard balls, 555

shape-memory alloys, 439–441

shrink-wrap polymer films, 278

tin (its allotropic transformation),

63

water (its volume expansion upon

freezing), 33

Materials science, 3–5

Matrix phase, 847

definition, 619

fiber-reinforced composites, 637

Matthiessen’s rule, 469, 847

Mean stress (fatigue), 315–316, 323

Mechanical properties,see also

specific mechanical properties

grain size and, 270

variability, 229–231

Mechanical twins, 146–147,

255–256.See alsoTwinning

Mechanics of materials, 192

Medium carbon steels, 520–521

Meissner effect, 751, 752

Melamine-formaldehyde, repeat

unit structure, 834

Melting (polymers), 448

Melting point (temperature), glass,

590, 847

and bonding energy for selected

materials, 28

ceramics, 590

factors that affect (polymers),

450–451

glasses, 847

polymers, 450–451, 838

Melt spinning, 610–611

Mercury:

bonding energy and melting

temperature, 28

superconducting critical

temperature, 752

Mer unit, 100

Metal alloys,seeAlloys

Metallic bonding, 30, 847

Metallic glasses, 468

Metallographic examination, 150

Metal-matrix composites, 644–645,

847

Metals,see alsoAlloys; Crystalline

materials

corrosion,seeCorrosion

costs, 829–831

crystal structures,seeCrystal

structures

defined, 5–6, 847

density values, 801–803

elastic modulus values, 193,

804–806

as electrical conductors, 463

electrical resistivity values,

824–826

electron band structure, 465

fabrication, 569–577

fracture toughness for selected,

300, 814

linear coefficient of thermal

expansion values, 709,

815–816

optical properties, 764–765

oxidation, 691–694

Poisson’s ratio for selected, 193,

808

shear moduli, 193

specific heat values, 709, 822–823

strengthening,seeStrengthening

of metals

thermal conductivity values, 709,

819–820

Metastability, 847

of microstructures, 413–414

Metastable states, 343

Methane, 28–29, 99

Methyl alcohol, 101

Methyl group, 103

Mica, 57

dielectric constant and dielectric

strength, 500

Microconstituents,see alsospecific

microconstituent phases:

definition, 366, 847

in eutectic alloys, 366–369

in steel alloys, 384–391

Microcracks, 293–297

in ceramics, 304–305

Microelectromechanical systems

(MEMS), 12, 547–548, 847

Microelectronics, 494–496

Microindentation hardness tests,

226

Micron, 149

Microscopic techniques, useful

resolution ranges, 154

Microscopy, 149–154, 847