Introductory Biostatistics

1.41 For age at first live birth, with ‘‘28 or older’’ group as baseline:

Age Odds Ratio

< 22 0.51

22–24 0.65

25–27 0.76

For age at menopause, with ‘‘50 or older’’ group as baseline:

Age Odds Ratio

< 45 0.72

45–49 0.79

1.42 Symptom Odds Ratio

Nightmares 3.72

Sleep problems 1.54

Troubled memories 3.46

Depression 1.46

Temper control problems 1.78

Life goal association 1.50

Omit feelings 1.39

Confusion 1.57

1.43 Group Odds Ratio

Males

Low fat, low fiber 1.15

High fat, high fiber 1.80

High fat, low fiber 1.81

Females

Low fat, low fiber 1.72

High fat, high fiber 1.85

High fat, low fiber 2.20

Yes, there are evidences of e¤ect midifications. For example, for

males: high vs. low fat, the odds ratio is 1.8 with high fiber and

1 : 57 ð¼ 1 : 81 = 1 : 15 Þwith low fiber; for females: high vs. low fat, the odds

ratio is 1.85 with high fiber and 1: 28 ð¼ 2 : 20 = 1 : 72 Þwith low fiber.

1.45 (a) Choosing ‘‘never’’ as baseline, here are the odds ratios associated
with being a resident (vs. attending physician):

ANSWERS TO SELECTED EXERCISES 505