(b)Calculate the odds ratio associated with high exposure. Does this
result support your conclusion in part (a)?
1.6 Consider the data taken from a study that attempts to determine
whether the use of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) during labor
a¤ects the frequency of cesarean section deliveries. Of the 5824 infants
included in the study, 2850 were electronically monitored and 2974 were
not. The outcomes are listed in Table E1.6.TABLE E1.6
EFM Exposure
Cesarean Delivery Yes No Total
Yes 358 229 587
No 2492 2745 5237
Total 2850 2974 5824(a)Compute and compare the proportions of cesarean delivery for the
two exposure groups. What would be your conclusion?
(b)Calculate the odds ratio associated with EFM exposure. Does this
result support your conclusion in part (a)?
1.7 A study was conducted to investigate the e¤ectiveness of bicycle safety
helmets in preventing head injury. The data consist of a random sample
of 793 persons who were involved in bicycle accidents during a one-year
period (Table E1.7).TABLE E1.7
Wearing Helmet
Head Injury Yes No Total
Yes 17 218 235
No 130 428 558
Total 147 646 793(a)Compute and compare the proportions of head injury for the group
with helmets versus the group without helmets. What would be your
conclusion?
(b)Calculate the odds ratio associated with not using helmet. Does this
result support your conclusion in part (a)?
1.8 A case–control study was conducted in Auckland, New Zealand, to
investigate the e¤ects among regular drinkers of alcohol consumption on
both nonfatal myocardial infarction and coronary death in the 24 hours36 DESCRIPTIVE METHODS FOR CATEGORICAL DATA