is connectivity and that the social is ‘only a tiny set of narrow, standardised
connections’ out of many others (Latour 2002a: 12 4 ).
7 In other words, what is at stake is a different model of what thinking is, one
that extends reflexivity to all manner of actors, that recognizes reflexivity as
not just a property of cognition and which realizes the essentially patchy and
material nature of what counts as thought.
What is affect?
The problem that must be faced straightaway is that there is no stable definition
of affect. It can mean a lot of different things. These are usually associated with
words like emotion and feeling, and a consequent repertoire of terms like hatred,
shame, envy, fear, disgust, anger, embarrassment, sorrow, grief, anguish, love,
happiness, joy, hope, wonder,... Though for various reasons that will become
clear, I do not think these words work well as simple translations of the term
‘affect’. In particular, I want to get away from the idea that some root kind of
emotion (like shame) can act as a key political cipher (Nussbaum 2001).
In the brief and necessarily foreshortened review that follows, I will set aside
approaches that tend to work with a notion of individualized emotions (such as
are often found in certain forms of empirical sociology and psychology) and stick
with approaches that work with a notion of broad tendencies and lines of force:
emotion as motion both literally and figurally (Bruno 2002). I will consider four
of these approaches in turn but it is important not to assume that I am making
any strong judgements as to their efficacy: each of these approaches has a certain
force which I want to draw on as well as certain drawbacks. It is also important
to note that none of these approaches could be described as based on a notion of
human individuals coming together in community. Rather, in line with my earlier
work, each of them cleaves to an ‘inhuman’ or ‘transhuman’ framework in which
individuals are generally understood as effects of the events to which their body
parts (broadly understood) respond and in which they participate. Another point
that needs to be made is that each of these approaches has connections (some
strong, some weak) to the others.^7 Then one last point needs to be made; in each
case affect is understood as a form of thinking, often indirect and nonreflective
true, but thinking all the same. And, similarly, all manner of the spaces which they
generate must be thought of in the same way, as means of thinking and as thought
in action. Affect is a different kind of intelligence about the world, but it is
intelligence nonetheless, and previous attempts to either relegate affect to the
irrational or raise it up to the level of the sublime are both equally mistaken.
The first translation of affect that I want to address conceives of affect as a set
of embodied practices that produce visible conduct as an outer lining. This trans-
lation chiefly arises out of the phenomenological tradition but also includes traces
of social interactionism and hermeneutics (cf. Reddy 2001). Its chief concern is
to develop descriptions of how emotions occur in everyday life, understood as
the richly expressive/aesthetic feeling-cum-behaviour of continual becoming that
is chiefly provided by bodily states and processes (and which is understood as
Spatialities of feeling 175