The Sociology of Philosophies

FIGURE 5.5. HINDU OPPOSITIONS, 900–1500: NYAYA REALISTS, ADVAITA IDEALISTS, VAISHNAVA DUALISTS 258 • (^) Intellectual Communitie ...

the intermediate levels of truth ascending to the undifferentiated Brahman (EIP, 1987: 29–32; EIP, 1977: 453). From now on, Samk ...

over Buddhist turf and that religion faded, the Nyaya-Vaisheshika alliance automatically lined up against its successor. Naiyayi ...

About a generation after Udayana, Shri Harsha launched an Advaita coun- terattack.^63 He produced a detailed and comprehensive c ...

contradictory, as are Nyaya-Vaisheshika distinction and distinctive identity. Chitsukha does not shrink from solipsism: his nega ...

Given the dominance of an idealism exalting a transcendent spiritual center, it might seem surprising that Hindu orthodoxy shoul ...

into subfactions, while the other side remains relatively stable. In this case the splitters and innovators are the expanding mo ...

distinction between appearance and ultimate reality brought Ramanuja onto epistemological grounds. Shankara had epistemologized ...

the Advaita merging of man with God is treated as sacrilege (Dasgupta, 1922–1955: 4:52–54; Eliot, 1988: 2:237–240; Potter, 1976: ...

bled from his pores, and to march obliviously into the ocean. Chaitanya left no writings, although some of his followers and suc ...

Nyaya rescued the crucial concept of distinctness, defining it as a particular type of mutual absence between entities. The hall ...

issues of the past into historical compilations. The energy of Indian philosophy was dying of its own success, in much the same ...

Nevertheless, Madhusudana harmonized the Hindu sects as different paths to the same goal, corresponding to different personal in ...

Ironically, the anti-conceptual monism that modern Indians and Westerners alike tend to regard as the perennial philosophy of In ...

CHAPTER 6 £ Revolutions of the Organizational Base: Buddhist and Neo-Confucian China Political and economic conditions affect id ...

as parts of the world of illusion to be transcended, the Buddhist monk might be regarded as living the life of philosophy at its ...

We examine first the organizational growth of Buddhism in China and its social effects. Moving from outside toward the inner int ...

heaval or new self-discipline. The openness of mass recruitment meant that successful religious organizations shifted toward a b ...

gevity, and immortality. On the continuum of religious aims, Taoism took up a spot adjacent to the goal of pure salvation or enl ...

Buddhism’s main organizational advantage was that it was always centered on full-time specialists cut loose from family ties, wh ...