The Sociology of Philosophies

FIGURE 8.5. SPAIN, 1065–1235: THE HINGE OF THE HINGE 438 •^ Intellectual Communities: Western Paths ...

to unbelievers. But only a few years before, the nationalistic Jewish philosopher Judah Halevi had been a court physician at Cór ...

deed, virtually all the important philosophical names here were also scientists to some degree. It was the activity of the scien ...

went on to become the most important philosophers of their respective relig- ions. It is unlikely, however, that they ever met. ...

cepts. Later he meets a Muslim from an inhabited island, and they discover that the truths of faith and of reason are the same. ...

ism was the acceptable cosmopolitan position, defended by declaring that the religious masses could never understand it, these m ...

of Aristotle, into an attack on the Muslim Neoplatonists from al-Farabi and Ibn Sina right down to Ibn Bajja (exempting only his ...

Such ambitions are always overreaching, but Ibn Rushd’s nevertheless had a certain basis in contemporary realities. The cosmopol ...

at Avignon, who is now known primarily in the world of Latin scholasticism (hence his fame as Gersonides), following up the prob ...

translator of texts (that was a low-status activity of slaves), he was patron of the slave-curators and editors of Greek manuscr ...

philosophy—both Madhyamika negative dialectics and Sautrantika pheno- menalism—even though Nagarjuna formulated the Madhyamika d ...

lineages kept up their own creative arguments during most of this time. The impact of translation on creativity depends more on ...

novative philosophical network centered on Kyoto University. What had hap- pened was that Japanese Buddhist sojourners in the We ...

CHAPTER 9 £ Academic Expansion as a Two-Edged Sword: Medieval Christendom Medieval Christian philosophy builds on the same ingre ...

philosophy (1  3). This falsafa is attacked by al-Ghazali, who combines the AshÀarite lineage of conservative kalam with Sufism ...

We may trace the same development at the level of the material institutions of intellectual life. Originally kalam theologians a ...

side follows the same path: combining the cosmopolitanism of the scientific networks with the conservatism of his lineage of Mal ...

were supported by secular intellectual bases in the aristocratic courts, outside the institutions of the church; but this separa ...

revenues; their scattered properties were becoming inadequate to support the lifestyle of grand consumption and ceremony as a ma ...

for pilgrimages (Southern, 1970: 94–100). In these respects it was like Mecca, which never did develop any “papal” authority. Be ...