The Sociology of Philosophies

wealthy off the fees of litigation and the spoils of the lawsuits. A large admin- istrative staff sprang up at the papal court, ...

closer to external conditions; it too experienced plenty of controversies and developments, but these were in the realm of more ...

missing is the dynamic role of the monasteries of Christian Europe, both in amassing wealth and power for an autonomous church s ...

for students. The madrasas resembled universities in some aspects, though with crucial differences (Makdisi, 1981; Huff, 1993). ...

auxiliary studies. Formal argument was studied as a preparation for legal practice, and disputations in the madrasas resembled t ...

administrators outside the church. The loyalty of the clergy is split. National blocs appear within the church; secular power ov ...

FIGURE 9.3. CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHERS, 1000–1200: FORMING THE ARGUMENTATIVE NETWORK ...

not only in chains of significant masters and pupils but also in rivalries. The network center shows where the action is: around ...

Anselm’s proof is one of the monuments of Western philosophy, provok- ing controversy immediately and at intervals ever since. I ...

For all the success of Bernard’s monasteries, the pull of the intellectual marketplace was even stronger. Although Abelard in hi ...

The vivid battles of Abelard’s day contrast strangely with the unoriginal and pedantic fruits of his intellectual children and g ...

The first philosophical reputations among those congregating at Paris (and to a lesser degree at Oxford) arose from the struggle ...

FIGURE 9.4. FRANCISCAN AND DOMINICAN RIVALRIES, 1200–1335 (All Paris unless marked) 470 •^ Intellectual Communities: Western Pat ...

Grosseteste, see Southern, 1992). For Augustine this had been a psychological and epistemological doctrine; for Grosseteste it b ...

cans about 1257, he was accused of indiscipline and confined under arrest in their house in Paris for perhaps as long as twenty ...

of appropriating these status-giving religious activities for themselves. The rival movements of friars—frères, brotherhoods of ...

Once inside the university realm, the friars found that their ideologies were rapidly replaced by the normal abstract concerns o ...

ciscan order, responsible for its politics and its internal discipline even more than its intellectual life. The silencing of Ba ...

mere philosophers teaching subjects belonging to theology. The prohibition did not easily hold. God could also be taken as a sub ...

of 219 theses. The Dominican Kilwardby, in his capacity as archbishop of Canterbury, issued much the same condemnation 11 days l ...