The Sociology of Philosophies

FIGURE 9.7. REFORMERS, METAPHYSICIANS, SKEPTICS, 1465–1600 498 •^ Intellectual Communities: Western Paths ...

baro, 305, Zabarella, 352), who base themselves on original Greek texts and ancient commentators such as Alexander of Aphrodisia ...

ther contacts with the cosmopolitan importers of Greek texts. Cusanus knew everybody: the north German mystic Denis the Carthusi ...

convent in Naples and wandered from court to court—from Geneva to Paris, from London to Germany to Venice—denouncing the univers ...

period of stagnation. The Renaissance, especially the Italian intellectuals of the late 1400s and 1500s, viewed the preceding pe ...

Stagnation (B): Dominance of the classics. An opposite form of stagnation occurs when the ideas of the greatest thinkers oversha ...

Stagnation (C): Technical refinement. A third type of stagnation may indeed be not stagnation at all but only the appearance of ...

long it will last. The crucial conditions for creativity are those which sustain multiple bases of intellectual conflict across ...

of particular schools, and almost all connected to the networks of the center. Originally independent schools such as those of A ...

theology and magic. Later the material bases for multiple factions were dras- tically curtailed with the general material declin ...

India. The creative periods in philosophy occurred when the networks were geographically most concentrated. The Upanishadic sage ...

ing Kyoto; the several Zen movements were an intersection between Mount Hiei and Chinese lineages contacted by Japanese sojourne ...

Neo-Confucian samurai schools, Buddhist schools, and daimyo schools which became so widely available around 1800. When the Europ ...

site of their most famous early representatives, al-Bistami, al-Junayd, and al-Hallaj. The other important ingredient in the int ...

well as in Persia and the Middle East (see Figure 8.3 and its key.) Again there were few institutional points of intersection am ...

added onto the texts to be mastered by students. The consensus of most historians is that these commentaries are unoriginal and ...

Cathedral Schools of Northern France, 1100 c.e. (From Southern, 1995, p. xix) ...

to the political importance of the French and English kings to the papacy. Cologne with its Dominican house of studies was a thi ...

in the 1200s, when universities were formed at Naples and Padua (along with smaller ones) in Italy; at Salamanca and Valladolid ...

TABLE 9.1.UNIVERSITY FOUNDATIONS AND FAILURES, 1000–1600 Total Italy France Britain German Empire, Scandinavia, Low Countries Ib ...