The Sociology of Philosophies

cessful.^20 Here there was less initial competition over students. The first uni- versity in the region was founded at Prague in ...

including Ockham and Buridan. The nominalists were periodically forced out, leaving Paris in 1407 and returning in 1437 after Pa ...

for its own sake; texts are memorized and covered with commentaries; refine- ments become narrow and trivial. We see this in the ...

Academicization is a two-edged sword. The material base that schools provide for intellectual life can be positive or negative i ...

ual failure, nor with the quality of our ideas, but with the structure of intel- lectual communities and their material foundati ...

CHAPTER 10 £ Cross-Breeding Networks and Rapid-Discovery Science In comparison to what went before, modern European philosophy c ...

piricism, nor even experimentation per se, as historical comparisons will show. The social change in the intellectual world cons ...

caused by science or any other novel rationality. Nor is science the ideology of the Reformation, or indeed of the secularizers. ...

a residue of outworn religious beliefs. What needs emphasis is that philosophy since 1600 has been as creative on its own turf a ...

FIGURE 10.1. EUROPEAN NETWORK: THE CASCADE OF CIRCLES, 1600–1735 ...

13.1 and 13.2, and 13.8, and 14.1). These are circles in a strong sense: groups which regularly meet, in which everyone knows ev ...

Other circles around Paris contemporary with the Mersenne-Cartesian group became prominent for the history of philosophy: first ...

The English counterpart in the late 1700s was a prominent scientific circle, the Birmingham Lunar Society, in contact with the F ...

Hallesche Jahrbücher, succeeded by the Deutsch-Französiche Jahrbücher co- edited by Marx. German philosophy was established with ...

tellectual action for which they became famous. This is not to say that the most famous philosophers were typically the organize ...

Europe of the 1600s; that is why it is possible, as we will shortly see, to consider the overlap or non-overlap between philosop ...

tional science. In Greek astronomy the homocentric planetary spheres of Eudoxus (ca. 370 b.c.e.) became prominent; Aristarchus’ ...

of the attention space.^9 But this is given up in time, primarily because scientists are more eager to move on to a new research ...

nological front of laboratory equipment and tools of observation and meas- urement. The chief dynamism of scientific discovery, ...

ence” consists in making small modifications in existing equipment and ob- serving the empirical results, or in applying equipme ...