The Sociology of Philosophies

along with Schleiermacher’s and Schelling’s students, they were to fill up most of the creative activity for the following gener ...

orthodoxy. In Scotland, where the universities were an exception to the low condition elsewhere, intellectual life was more flou ...

atic of the old church-dominated intellectual base and ideological target of attack from the new intellectual base. Secular base ...

rivals (and in fact the age range of the students tended to be similar in each; Ariès, 1962: 219–229). The “secondary” schools t ...

levels: Königsberg in 1791 (the height of Kant’s fame) had only 47 students; Erfurt in 1800 had only 43; Kiel in one year had 8. ...

which prepared students for the university one needed a university degree. The result of this formalization was simultaneously t ...

information to lay audiences who would then apply it. Only the academies of scientists or artists were expected to create new wo ...

creative philosophers in England thus preserved something like the Enlighten- ment style much longer than in Germany. The Utilit ...

academic philosophy and the lay orientation of non-academic intellectuals. The same thing had happened a century earlier, when A ...

losophy with the methods of the sciences, whose advance Kant argued took place through intensified, systematic investigation rat ...

Humboldt, one of Fichte’s audience in 1808, put into effect. The University of Berlin was made a privileged corporation with sel ...

graduates of Göttingen (as were the Schlegel brothers), and it was in part the Göttingen ideal that was expanded at Berlin and s ...

policies were extended or more fully implemented. When Kant proposed to make the philosophical faculty arbiter of the other disc ...

the Great, the Wolffians were allowed to return; this led to a second round of attacks, especially by Crusius, theology professo ...

to empirical science. Nevertheless, the discussions of Bilfinger, Baumgarten, and on the other side the Newtonians and Pietists ...

synthetic and analytic a priori. Here too was a background, including Leibniz’s alignment of physical relationships among monads ...

mathematized until they meshed with instantiations of the highest philosophi- cal categories. In the end, Kant found a way to co ...

synthetic a priori, since they are not contained merely conceptually in one another, must be recognizable by a form of pure intu ...

Fichte’s absolute self cannot be said to exist in the ordinary sense, for it is the grounding of existence. Only by rhetoric can ...

poses in his Logic, the textbook written 1812–1816 during his years as a secondary school teacher. Whereas Fichte’s dialectic ke ...