The Sociology of Philosophies

same turf that Plato staked out; hence it is not surprising to find the Megarian school polemicizing against Plato for breaking ...

Cyrenaics elaborated the intellectual position of hedonism, along with the ideal of the sage immune to worldly vicissitudes. Thi ...

Sophists (Heath, [1921] 1981: 1:220–231; Fowler, 1987: 294–308). Not only Plato but Eudoxus as well built on this milieu; Eudoxu ...

necessarily sympathetic to his philosophy (DSB, 1981: 11:22–23). We take it for granted that Plato was “Platonic,” just as we ta ...

figure throughout Aristotle’s arguments, where he sets up his own position as an answer to long-standing disputes. Part of Arist ...

Aristotle seems to have been acutely aware of the growing presence of a purely grammatical approach in the newly popular schools ...

extent of denying that Leucippus even existed. His appropriation of their capital sealed their fate. Zeno of Citium in founding ...

of peak artistic creativity are not closely correlated with such periods in phi- losophy, as is clear from a generation-by-gener ...

of leftovers. Their stance was to compromise among all the important posi- tions. This left them with inconsistencies, such as b ...

totelean and Stoic methodology of definitions, postulates, and common no- tions; the mathematics of Eratosthenes (who headed the ...

Arcesilaus’ skepticism appropriated a tool that had formerly been used on the far “right” and among the dropouts standing above ...

European logic.^23 Chrysippus’ monistic system, which appropriated for Stoi- cism elements of the now disused Platonic metaphysi ...

of synthesis, as if picking up doctrines from the wreck of the other schools, incorporating the mathematics, astronomy, and geog ...

Heraclitean fire, world-soul—that had been the object of so much refinement under Academic attack. The other schools went throug ...

value of practical experience exclusively, against the philosophically oriented medical schools of the day, based variously on E ...

intellectual activity was sustained by applying their doctrine to current topics in the special sciences, and by carrying on pol ...

Zeno of Sidon also criticized Euclid (who was associated with the Aristoteleans at Alexandria) and implied the possibility of a ...

A type of formal position was later established, but these were positions which the philosophers themselves did not control, and ...

in opposition. Plotinus moved from Alexandria, where he had been part of a network including Christian philosophers, to teach at ...

FIGURE 3.6. SYNCRETISMS AND SKEPTICISM, 1–200 C.E. ...