5.5 Hindu Oppositions, 900–1500: Nyaya Realists,
Advaita Idealists, Vaishnava Dualists 258
6.1 Taoist Church and Imported Buddhist Schools,
300–500 284
6.2 T’ien-t’ai, Yogacara, Hua-yen, 500–800 287
6.3 Cascade of Ch’an (Zen) Schools, 635–935 294
6.4 Neo-Confucian Movement and the Winnowing of
Zen, 935–1265 300
6.5 Neo-Confucian Orthodoxy and the Idealist
Movement, 1435–1565 315
7.1 Network of Japanese Philosophers, 600–1100:
Founding of Tendai and Shingon 328
7.2 Expansion of Pure Land and Zen, 1100–1400 334
7.3 Zen Artists and Tea Masters, 1400–1600 340
7.4 Tokugawa Confucian and National Learning Schools,
1600–1835 351
7.5 Meiji Westernizers and the Kyoto School, 1835–1935 373
8.1 Islamic and Jewish Philosophers and Scientists,
700–935: Basra and Baghdad Schools 396
8.2 AshÀarites, Greek Falasifa, and the Syntheses of Ibn
Sina and al-Ghazali, 935–1100 409
8.3 Mystics, Scientists, and Logicians, 1100–1400 424
8.4 Islamic and Jewish Philosophers in Spain, 900–1065 435
8.5 Spain, 1065–1235: The Hinge of the Hinge 438
9.1 Islamic Factions and Combinations 452
9.2 Proliferation of Cistercian Monasteries, 1098–1500 457
9.3 Christian Philosophers, 1000–1200: Forming the
Argumentative Network 464
9.4 Franciscan and Dominican Rivalries, 1200–1335 470
9.5 Jewish Philosophers within Christendom, 1135–1535:
Maimonidists, Averroists, and Kabbalists 478
9.6 Scholastics, Mystics, Humanists, 1335–1465 489
9.7 Reformers, Metaphysicians, Skeptics, 1465–1600 498
10.1 European Network: The Cascade of Circles,
1600–1735 527
10.2 Network Overlap of Greek Mathematicians and
Philosophers, 600 b.c.e.–600 c.e. 544
11.1 French and British Network during the
Enlightenment, 1735–1800 607
12.1 German Network, 1735–1835: Berlin-Königsberg and
Jena-Weimar 624
12.2 Network of American Philosophers, 1800–1935:
German Imports, Idealists, Pragmatists 673xiv^ •^ Figures, Maps, and Tables