100 QUESTIONS IN CARDIOLOGY

The duration of post-cardioversion anticoagulation should be dictated by the likely timing of the return of normal LA/LAA functi ...

68 What factors determine the chances of successful elective cardioversion from atrial fibrillation? Suzanna Hardman and Martin ...

excellent: once the thyrotoxicosis has been treated a high proportion revert to sinus rhythm and the remainder are sensitive to ...

69 What are the risks of elective DC cardioversion from atrial fibrillation? Suzanna Hardman and Martin Cowie There are relative ...

Schnittger I. Value of transoesophageal echocardiography before DC cardioversion in patients with atrial fibrillation: assessmen ...

70 Are patients with atrial flutter at risk of embolisation when cardioverted? Do they need anticoagulation to cover the procedu ...

of atrial flutter. A prospective study using transoesophageal echo- cardiography. Circulation1997; 9955 : 962–6. Jordaens L, Mis ...

71 How do I assess the risk of CVA or TIA in a patient with chronic atrial fibrillation and in a patient with paroxysmal atrial ...

FFuurrtthheerr rreeaaddiinngg Hardman SMC, Cowie M. Fortnightly review: anticoagulation in heart disease. BMJ1999; 331188 : 238– ...

72 How sensitive are transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography for the detection of thrombus in the left atrium? Suzan ...

FFuurrtthheerr rreeaaddiinngg Aschenberg W, Schiuter M, Kremer P et al. Transoesophageal two- dimensional echocardiography for t ...

73 What are the roles of transthoracic and transoesophageal echocardiography in patients with a TIA or stroke? Diana Holdright A ...

rise to stroke/TIA. There is a tendency to over-report more subtle abnormalities (e.g. slight mitral valve prolapse) that may no ...

74 Which patient with a patent foramen ovale should be referred for closure? Diana Holdright A patent foramen ovale (PFO) occurs ...

developed as a highly effective and technically straightforward procedure for closure of PFOs and many atrial septal defects. RR ...

75 How should I investigate the patient with collapse? Who should have a tilt test, and what do I do if it is positive? RA Kenny ...

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Who should have a tilt test? Kenny et alin 1986 were the first to demonstrate the value of head up tilt testing in the diagnosis ...

Head up tilt diagnosis of vasovagal syncope (Hypotension/bradycardia with symptom reproduction) Patient education/conservative a ...

76 What are the chances of a 24 hour tape detecting the causes for collapse in a patient? What other alternative monitoring devi ...