TTaabbllee 110011 .. 33 CClliinniiccaall pprreeddiiccttoorrss ooff iinnccrreeaasseedd ccaarrddiioovvaassccuullaarr rriisskk**
MMaajjoorr
- Unstable coronary syndromes
- Recent MI
- Unstable angina
- Decompensated heart failure
- Significant arrhythmias
- High grade atrioventricular block
- Symptomatic ventricular arrhythmias or supraventricular
arryhthmias in presence of underlying heart disease or with
uncontrolled ventricular rate - Severe valvular disease
IInntteerrmmeeddiiaattee
- Mild stable angina
- Prior MI
- Compensated or previous heart failure
- Diabetes
MMiinnoorr
- Advanced age
- Abnormal ECG
- Rhythm other than sinus
- Low functional capacity
- History of stroke
- Uncontrolled systemic hypertension
*Modified from ACC/AHA guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular
evaluation for noncardiac surgery. Circulation1996; 9933 : 1280–317.
TTaabbllee 110011 .. 44 EEssttiimmaatteedd eenneerrggyy eexxppeennddiittuurree**
1 MET = resting oxygen consumption of 40 year old 70kg male
11 MMEETT
Eat, dress, use toilet
Walk 50 to 100 metres
Light housework
44 MMEETT
Climb one flight stairs
Run short distance
Heavy housework
1100 MMEETT
Strenuous sports
*Modified from ACC/AHA guidelines for perioperative cardiovascular
evaluation for noncardiac surgery. Circulation1996; 9933 : 1280–317.