261Table 11.2.
Summary of Transgenic Approaches to Manipulate Starch Structure and
Yield in Potato Tubers
TransgenicStarchGrain/TuberTargetApproachContent/ YieldStarch StructureMorphologyApplicationReferencePlastidialAntisenseStarch contentLess amyloseGrains size—Tjaden et al. 1998ATP/ADPinhibitiondecreaseddecreased totranslocatorto 20%50%, strangetuber shapePlastidialOverexpressionStarch contentMore amyloseGrains withHigh starchTjaden et al. 1998,ATP/ADPof AATPincreased byangularwith moreGeigenberger ettranslocatorup to 30%shapeamyloseal. 2001PlastidialAntisenseStarch contentNot determinedNot determinedHigh starchRegierer et al. 2003adenylate inhibitionand yieldkinaseincreased by up to 60%ADPGlc pyro-AntisenseStarch contentAmylose contentSmaller grains,—Müller-Röber et al.phosphorylaseinhibition ofdecreased downdecreased bysmaller tubers,1992, Lloyd et al.AGPBto 10% of40%increased tuber1999bWT-levelnumberADPGlc pyro-OverexpressionStarch contentNot determinedNot determinedHigh starchStark et al. 1991phosphorylaseofglgCincreased by up to 30%Granule boundAntisenseNo effectStarch is freeNo effectAmyloseKuipers et al. 1994starchinhibition ofof amylosefree starchsynthaseGBSSIGranule-boundOverexpressionNo effectAmyloseNo effect-—Kuipers et al. 1994starchof GBSS Iincreased upsynthaseto 25.5%(Continues)