32 Part I: Principles
have been the methods of choice due to the water-
soluble nature of anthocyanins. Mixtures of water
and acetic, formic, or phosphoric acids are usually
employed as part of the mobile phase.
Charged pigments such as betalains can be sepa-
rated by electrophoresis, but HPLC has been found
to provide for more rapid resolution and quantita-
tion. Betalains have been separated on reversed-
phase columns by using various ion-paring or ion-
suppression techniques (Schwartz and Von Elbe
1980, Huang and Von Elbe 1985). This procedure
allows for more interaction of the individual mole-
cules of betaine with the stationary phase and better
separation between individual components.
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