Individual outcomes• In-role performance• OCB• Work attitudes
Lower level
Unit-level process
- Work practice• Organizational climate
Paternalistic leadership
Unit outcomes
- Unit performance • Unit morale
Upper level
Paternalisticleadership
Cognitive-motivational
States
- Fear• Gratitude and repayment• Identification
Situational moderators• Traditionality • Resource dependence
Situational moderators
- Family ownership • Environment and technology
Figure 6.2.
A multilevel model of paternalistic leadership.