Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

Besides verb agreement, subjects demonstrate a number of other
properties which are explained below. Intransitive verbs in the past
tense take their subjects in the direct case.

3. vah bahut qak ga[-.
   vah bahut thak gai:.
   she very tired aux
   She was dead tired.


4. Aimat samaya pr Aayaa.
   amit samay par a:ya:.
   Amit time at came
   Amit came on time.

Some intransitive verbs, such as Kola khel ‘play’ and laD, lar ‘fight,’
may sometimes be used as transitives when they take abstract nouns
as objects.

Intransitive Transitive
Kolanaa khelna: to play Kola Kolanaa khel khelna: to play a game
laD,a[- lara:i: fight laD,a[- laD,naa lara:i: larna: fight a battle

5. maaohna Kolaa.
   mohan khela:.
   Mohan played.

5a. maaohna Kola Kolaa.
mohan ne khel khela:.
Mohan played a game.

3.4.2.2. Transitive Verbs

Transitive verbs, such as pZ, parh ‘read,’ ilaK likh ‘write,’ laa la:
‘bring,’ do de ‘give,’ lao le ‘take,’ and kr kar ‘do,’ take direct objects,
and in the past tense they require their subjects must be marked with
the ergative case markers agreeing with the object in gender and
number.