Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

2. vah kailaja maoM pZ,ta hO.
   vah ka:lej mẽ parhta: h ́.
   he college in study-pre-hab. be
   He studies in college.

The verb in (1) is in the progressive aspect and in (2) in the habitual
aspect.

The past tense represents an ongoing action or an action completed
in the past.

3. Amar idllaI jaa rha qaa.
   amar dilli: ja: raha: tha:.
   Amar Delhi-obl go-prog was
   Amar was going to Delhi.


4. ]sanao AK,baar pZ,a.
   usne axba:r parha:.
   he-erg newspaper read-perf
   He read the newspaper.

The verb in (3) is in the progressive aspect and in (4) is in the
perfect aspect.

The future tense represents an action yet to take place or a state yet
to come into being.

5. ]maa kla idllaI jaaegaI.
   uma: kal dilli: ja:egi:.
   Uma tomorrow Delhi-obl go-fut
   Uma will go to Delhi tomorrow.

The present perfect tense represents a completed act the effect of
which is still present.

6. ]sanao yah jagah doKI hO.
   usne yah jagah dekhi: h ́.
   he-erg this place see-perf be
   He has seen this place.