Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

I Kolkata went be-pre
I have gone to Kolkata.

38. maOMnao/ hmanao /]nhaoMnao kaolakta doKa hO.
    m ́~ne/hamne/unhõne kolkata: dekha: h ́.
    I-erg/we-erg/thy-erg Kolkata see-perf be-pre
    I/we/they have seen Kolkata.

Past-perfective

39. maOM/ tU /vah baaja,ar gayaa qaa.
    m ́~/tu:/vah ba:za:r gaya: tha:
    I/you/(s)he market went-perf be-past
    I/you/(s)he had gone to the market.


40. maOMnao/ tumanao /]nhaoMnao/ Kanaa Kayaa qaa.
    m ́~ne/tumne/unhõne kha:na: kha:ya: tha:
    I-erg/you-erg/(s)he-erg/they-erg food eat-perf be-past
    I/ you/(s)he/they had eaten the food.

Presumptive-perfective

41. vah kla idllaI gayaa haogaa.
    vah kal dilli: gaya: hoga:.
    he tomorrow Delhi went be-pre.perf
    He would have gone to Delhi tomorrow.


42. ]sanao kla yah iktaba pZ,I haogaI.
    usne kal yah kita:b parhi: hogi:.
    he-erg tomorrow this book read-fs be-pre.perf
    He would have read this book tomorrow.

Subjunctive-perfective

43. vah Aayaa hao.
    vah a:ya: ho.
    he came be-subj.perf
    He might have come.


44. p%to poD, sao igaro haoM.
    patte per se gire hõ.
    leaves tree from fell be-subj.perf
    The leaves may have fallen from the tree.