Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

second-person pronoun tuma tum ‘you.’ Polite imperatives are used for
making requests to those who are normally addressed by the second
person pronoun Aap a:p ‘you.’

Second Person
Verb Intimate Familiar Polite
Aa a: come Aa a: AaAao a:o Aa[e a:iye
jaa ja: go jaa ja: jaaAao ja:o jaa[e ja:iye
Ka kha: eat Ka kha: KaAao kha:o Ka[e kha:iye
pZ, parh read pZ, parh pZ,ao parho piZ,e parhiye
ilaK ,likh write ilaK likh ilaKao likho ilaiKe likhiye
K,rId xari:d buy K,rId xari:d K,rIdao xari:do K,rIide xari:diye

In the above, the intimate forms are the same as the verb stem forms;
in familiar forms, -Aao -o is added to the verb stem form and in polite
forms -[e -iye is added.

1. (tU ) Aa /jaa /Ka /pZ, /ilaK /K,rId.
   (tu:) a:/ ja:/kha: / parh /likh/xari:d
   you-intimate come/go/eat/read/write/buy
   Come/go/eat/read/write/buy.

1a. (tuma) AaAao /jaaAao /KaAao /pZao, / ilaKao /K,rIdao.
(tum) a:o/ja:o/kha:o/ parho/likho/xari:do
you-familiar come/go/eat/read/write/buy

1b. (Aap) Aa[e/ jaa[e/ Ka[e /piZe, /ilaiKe /K,rIide.
(a:p) a:iye/ja:iye/ kha:iye/prhiye/likhiye/khari:diye.
(you-polite) come/go/read/write/ buy
Please come/go/eat/read/write/buy

A few verbs have irregular familiar and polite forms.

do de give do de dao do dIijae di:jiye
lao le take lao le laao lo laIijae li:jiye
kr kar do kr kar krao karo kire kariye/kIijae ki:jiye

In the above forms, - Aao -o is added to the vowel-ending verb stems
in the intimate form and the stem vowel is elided. The suffix -[-ijae -
i:jiye is added in the polite form and the stem vowel is elided. The