Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

7e. vah ipe / Cue.
vah pie/chue
he drink-subj/touch-subj

7f. vao ipeÐ /CueÐ.
ve piẽ/chuẽ
they drink-subj/touch-subj

3.4.6. Voice

The verbal stem can also be used to indicate the passive voice. It
indicates the subject of a verb in the passive voice and it has
agreement of number, person, and gender.

1. ]maa sao p~ na ilaKa gayaa.
   uma: se patr na likha: gaya:.
   Uma by letter neg write-pass
   Uma couldn’t write a letter.


2. ]sasao calaa na gayaa.
   us-se cala: na gaya:.
   she-by walk neg be able
   She couldn’t walk.


3. ]sasao yah kama nahIM hao sakta.
   us-se yah ka:m nahĩ: ho sakta:
   she-by this work neg be able-model
   She would not be able to do this work.


4. mauJasao iktaba igar ga[-.
   mujh-se kita:b gir gayi:.
   me-by book fell down
   The book fell from my hands.


5. ]sasao Aa[-naa TUT gayaa.
   us-se a:yi:na: tu:t gaya:.
   she-by mirror break explicator
   The mirror was broken by her.