Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

compounds made are passive in meaning.

7. maOM caaya pInaa caahta hUÐM.
   m ́~ ca:y pi:na: cahta: hũ:
   I tea drink-inf want-ptc am
   I want to drink tea.


8. mauJao idllaI jaanaa pD,a.
   mujhe dilli: ja:na: para:.
   I-dat Delhi go-inf fell(explicator)
   I had to go to Delhi.


9. ]sao kama Saama tk samaaPt krnaa qaa.
   use ka:m ša:m tak sama:pt karna: tha:
   he-obl work evening up to finish do-inf be-past-obligatory
   He had to finish the work by evening.

When an infinitive is transitive, it is used as an adjective for its
object and changes its ending -naa -na: to -naI -ni: or -nao -ne.

10. ]sao pOsao laanao hMO.
    use p ́se la:ne h ́~.
    he-obl money bring-inf-obl-pl be-obligatory
    He has to bring money.


11. ]sao / ]sakao dvaa[- pInaI pD,ogaI.
    use/usko dava:i: pi:ni: paregi:.
    he-obl tea medicine drink-inf-fs necessary-fut
    He has to drink medicine.


12. maOMnao ]sakI madd krnaI caahI.
    um ́~ne uski: madad karni: ca:hi:.
    I-erg his/her help-f. do-inf.fs want-fs
    I wanted to help him/her.

3.4.7.2. Participles

Participles in Hindi are largely verbal in nature and function as
adjectives and adverbs. They are of two types: imperfective and
perfective. Whereas imperfective participles represent incomplete or
unfinished activities, perfective participles designate completed