Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

Adverbial imperfective participles may be reduplicated.

6. vah pOdla calato - calato qak gayaa.
   vah p ́dal calte-calte thak gaya:.
   he on foot walk-ptc walk-ptc tired went
   He was tired of walking on foot.


7. vah Ct sao igarto - igarto baca gayaa.
   vah chat se girte-girte bac gaya:
   he roof from fall-ptc-fall-ptc save went
   He almost fell from the roof.

Adverbial imperfective participles are used with different time
expressions.

8. vah Gar jaato samaya maayaUsa qaa.
   vah ghar ja:te samay ma:yu:s tha:
   he home go-ptc time sad was
   He was sad when it was time to go home.

3.4.7.2.2. Perfective Participles

Perfective participles are formed by adding the adjectival suffixes -
Aa -a:, -e -e, and -[- -i: to verb stems agreeing with the noun in
person, gender, and number. A few perfective stems are irregular.
Perfective participles represent a verbal activity carried through to
completion. Perfective participles may be employed either
adjectivally or adverbially. The adjectival participles are expanded
with the forms of huAa hua:, hue hue, and hu[- hui: that agree with the
modified noun in person, gender, and number.

9. baOza (huAa ) laD,ka
   b ́tha: (hua:) larka:
   the sitting (i.e., seated) boy

9a. baOzo (hue ) laD,ko
b ́the (hue) larke
the sitting boys