Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

9b. baOzI (hu[-) laD,kI laD,ikyaaÐ
b ́thi (hui:) larki:/larkiyã:
the sitting girl/girls

The adjectival participles may precede or follow the noun they
qualify.

10a. kmaIja, QaulaI (hu[-) hO.
kami:z dhuli: (hui:) h ́.
shirt washed (perf-ptc) is
The shirt is washed.

10b. QaulaI (hu[-) kmaIja, AlamaarI maoM hO.
dhuli: (hui:) kami:z alma:ri: mẽ h ́.
washed (ptc) shirt almirah in is
The washed shirt is in almirah.

There are two types of adverbial participles. In one type, the
invariable suffix –e -e is employed.

11. Ct pr baOzo hue vah gaa rha qaa.
    chat par b ́the hue vah ga: raha: tha:.
    roof at siting-perf.ptc he sing-prog was
    He was singing while sitting on the roof.

In the other type, the adverbial participle uses the adjectival suffixes

• Aa -a:,- e -e, and –[- -i:.

12. na[- kmaIja, phnaI hu[- rmaa baaja,ar jaa rhI qaI.
    nai: kami:z pahni: hui: rama: baza:r ja: rahi: thi:.
    new shirt wear-perf.ptc Rama market go-prog was
    Wearing a new shirt, Rama was going to market.

The perfective adverbial participles are frequently reduplicated.

13. vah Gar pr baOzo - baOzo qak gayaa.
    vah ghar par b ́the-b ́the thak gaya:

he home at sitting-perf.ptc tired went(explicator)
He was tired of sitting at home.