3. MORPHOLOGY
The perfective participles are used to indicate the passing of time.
- Amar kao AmarIka sao Aae hue dao saala hao gae hOM.
amar ko amri:ka: se a:ye hue do sa:l ho gaye h ́~.
Amar-dat America from came-perf.ptc two years elapsed are
It has been two years since Amar came from America.
3.4.7.2.3. Conjunctive Participles
Conjunctive participles are used to form sentences in which two
verbal activities share the same subject and one of the activities is a
temporal antecedent of the other. In this construction, the verb of the
first clause is used in the verb stem form and is immediately
followed by kar, while the verb of the subsequent clause takes all
the conjugation markers.
- vah Gar phuÐcakr baaja,ar gayaa.
vah ghar pahũckar ba:za:r gaya:.
he home reach after-cp market went
He went to the market after coming home. - ]sanao AK,baar pZ,kr icaT\zI ilaKI.
usne axba:r parh kar citthi: likhi:.
he-erg neewspaper read after-cp letter-fs wrote-fs
He wrote a letter after reading the newspaper.
If the verb krnaa karna: ‘to do’ appears in the main clause either
independently or as a part of a compound, the form ke is used in
place of kr kar.
- dF,tr ka kama samaaPt krko vah Gar gayaa.
daftar ka: ka:m sama:pt karke vah ghar gaya:
office of work finish do-cp he home went
He went home after finishing the office work.
Sometimes the conjunctive clauses are used in the adverbial
sense. - Amar daOD,kr Aayaa.
amar dør kar a:ya:.
Amar run do-cp came
Amar came running.