Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

(a) The basic or non-derived adverbs may be either pure adverbs like
Aaja a:j ‘today,’ sada sada:/ hmaoSaa hameša: ‘always,’ or may be formed
by adding the postposition se to nouns, adjectives, or adverbs.

4. vah hmaoSaa AcCI maohnat krta hO.
   vah hameša: acchi: mehnat karta: h ́.
   he always good hard work do-ptc is
   He always works very hard.


5. ]sanao Apnaa kama KuSaI sao ikyaa.
   usne apna: ka:m khuši: se kiya:.
   she-erg own work happiness with did
   She did her work very happily.


6. naIcao sao }pr AcCa idKta hO.
   ni:ce se u:par accha: dikhta: h ́.
   below from top good appear is
   It looks better at the top than at the bottom.


7. baahr sao AMdr AiQak zMD,a hO.
   ba:har se andar adhik thãda: h ́.
   outside from inside more cold is
   It is colder inside than outside.


8. ]sanao ekdma sao maora haqa pkD,a.
   usne ekdam se mera: ha:th pakra:
   he-erg at once my hand caught
   He caught hold of my hand at once.


9. maOMnao JaT sao ]sakI baat maana laI.
   m ́~ne jhat se uski: ba:t ma:n li:.
   I-erg at once his talk agreed
   I agreed with what he said immediately.

(b) Derived adverbs are formed by adding adverbial suffixes to the
base form of demonstrative, relative, correlative, and interrogative
pronouns. Locative adverbs are formed by adding the -[-M -ĩ:/ - AaM pr -
ã: par suffixes: yahaÐ yahã:/ yahIM pr yahĩ:(par) ‘here,’ vahaÐ vah-ã:/ vahIM
vahĩ:/ vahaÐ hI vahã: hi: ‘there,’ khaÐ kahã:/ khIM kahĩ: ‘where.’
Directional adverbs are formed by adding the suffix -sao -se/-kI -ki: or