Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

2. English nativized versions: janavarI janvari:, frvarI pharvari:, maaca-
   ma:rc, Aip`la april, ma[- mai:, jaUna ju:n, jaula[- julay, Agast agast, isatmbar
   sitambar, A@taobar akto:bar, navaMbar navambar, idsaMbar disambar.

3.5.2.6. Year

In Hindi, a reference to a year is usually to the year AD called [-svaI
i:svi:. Hindus refer to their indigenous calendar as ibakmaI bikrami or Saak ša:k and Muslims as ihjarI hijiri:. The term sana\ san used before the Christian year, is optionally followed by [-svaI i:svi:. Similarly, an indigenous year starts with saMvat\ samvat before the year and ends with ibakmaI bikrami.

8. sana\ ]naIsa saaO saaz [-svaI maoM
   san uni:s sø sa:th i:svi: me
   year nineteen hundred sixty Christian era in
   in the year 1960 AD


9. saMvat\ dao hja,ar saaz ibak`maI maoM
   samvat do haza:r sa:th bikrami: me
   year two thousand sixty Bikrami in
   in the year 2060 Bikrami

The terms [-saa pUva- i:sa: pu:rv ‘before Christ’ are used to denote BC.

10. [-saa pUva- Co saaO vaYa-M
    i:sa: pu:rv che sø varš
    Christ before six hundred years
    six hundred years before Christ

3.5.2.7. Seasons

There are five major seasons: vasaMt vasant ‘spring,’ ga`ISma gri:šm
‘summer,’ barsaat barsa:t ‘rainy season’, Sard sharad ‘autumn,’ and
SaItkala ši:tka:l ‘winter.’ These terms can be followed by?tu ritu/ maaOsama
møsim ‘season’ in both the direct and oblique cases with or without a

postposition.