3. MORPHOLOGY
In sentence (12), the particle hI hi: becomes part of the verb adding
the meaning ‘as soon as.’ In (13b), the particle hI hi: adds the
meaning of ‘just.’ In (14b), the particle hI hi: adds the meaning
‘certainly.’ In (15b), it adds the meaning ‘at all.’ In (16b) and (17b),
it makes the adjectives emphatic. By adding the particle hI hi: to kuC
AaOr kuch ør in sentence (19b), it gives the meaning ‘different kind
of.’ Thus, besides its use for emphasis, the particle hI hi: adds
different shades of meaning depending on its use.
3.6.3. The Particle tao to
The particle tao to is mostly used as an emphatic marker and also
denotes contrast.
- vah Aayaa tao hO.
vah a:ya: to h ́.
he came part is
He has come indeed. - ]sao AMdr Aanao tao dao.
use andar a:ne to do.
he-dat inside come-inf+obl part let
Let him come inside. - maaomabatI tao imalaI ̧ idyaasalaa[- nahIM.
mombati: to mili:, diya:sala:yi: nahĩ:.
candle part found match-box neg
The candle was found, (but) not the matchbox. - vah ]sako pasa tao gayaa ̧ pr baaolaa nahIM.
vah uske pa:s to gaya:, par bola: nahĩ:.
he he-gen+obl near part went but said neg
He did go near him, but did not speak.
The particle to is also added to the negative marker nahIM nahĩ:. The
phrase nahIM tao nahĩ: to has several uses including as an emphatic
negative reply denoting ‘surprise’ or ‘disapproval.’