Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

(Brent) #1

3. MORPHOLOGY



  1. Aap Aagara gae qao?
    a:p a:gra: gaye the?
    you Agra went were
    Did you go to Agra?


5a. nahIM tao.
nahĩ: to.
neg part
Not really/Not at all.


As a coordinate conjunction, nahIM tao nahĩ: to means ‘otherwise.’



  1. toja, calaao ̧ nahIM tao gaaD,I CUT jaaegaI.
    tez calo, nahĩ: to ga:ri: chu:t ja:yegi:.
    Fast walk neg part train miss-fut
    Walk fast, otherwise you will miss the train.


Another use in combination with the particle BaI bhi: indicates ‘yet,
even so.’



  1. Agar vah khogaa BaI ̧ tao BaI maOM ]sako saaqa nahIM jaa}Ðgaa.
    agar vah kahega: bhi:, to bhi: m ́~ uske sa:th nahĩ: ja:ũ:ga:.
    If he say-fut part part ĩ he-gen-obl with neg go-fut
    Even if he says so, I will not go with him.


In sentence (7), tao BaI to bhi: can be replaced by ifr BaI phir bhi: ‘even
so, yet.’ In its adverbial use, tao to is a correlative of jaba jab ‘when’ or
of yaid yadi ‘if’ and it signifies ‘then.’



  1. jaba ]sao maalaUma huAa ̧ tao vah raonao lagaa.
    jab use ma:lu:m hua, to vah rone laga:.
    when he-dat know be-past part he cry-inf-obl starts
    When he came to know, (then) he began to cry.


8a. yaid tuma Gar gae tao pCtaAaogao.
yadi tum ghar gaye to pachta:oge.
if you home went part repent-fut
If you go to your home, (then) you will repent.

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