Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

4. SYNTAX

4. maOM caahta hUÐ ik vah [imthana do.
   m ́~ ca:hta: hũ: ki vah imtiha:n de.
   I desire-ptc am that he exam give
   I wish that he appears in examination.

4.2.2.1.2. Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and indirect speech are not distinguished by the use of any
syntactic device, such as a quotative marker or particle. However,
both quoted and reported material may be preceded by the
complementizer ik ki that which is subordinate to the higher verb of
communication in the matrix sentence, such as kh kah- ‘say’, pUC
pu:ch- ‘ask’, ilaK likh- ‘write’, sauna sun- ‘hear’, saaoca soc ‘think’, caah ca:h
‘desire/want’.

5. ]sanao kha ik dvaa K,rIdao.
   usne kaha: ki dava: xari:do.
   he-erg said that medicine buy
   He said, buy medicine.


6. }Yaa nao pUCa ik maOM @yaaoM gaaMÐva jaa}Ðgaa?
   u:ša: ne pu:cha: ki m ́~ kyõ ga:ũ: ja:ũ:ga:?
   Usha-erg asked that I why village go-fut
   Usha asked, why should I go to the village?


7. maaohna nao ilaKa ik tuma yah iktaba pZ,ao.
   mohan ne likha: ki tum yah kita:b parho.
   Mohan-erg wrote that you this book read
   Mohan wrote, Read this book.


8. hmanao saunaa ik vah Da^@Tr hO..
   hamne suna: ki vah da:ktar h ́.

we-erg heard that he doctor is
We heard that he is a doctor.

9. maOMnao saaocaa ik vah nahIM Aaegaa.
   m ́~ne soca: ki vah nahĩ: a:yega:.
   I-erg thought that he neg come-fut
   I thought that he would not come.