Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

4. SYNTAX

The co-referential phrases kyõki because and is liye ‘therefore’ can
also be used.

20. @yaaoMik Aaja gamaI- qaI [sailae maOM baaja,ar nahIM gayaa.
    kyõki a:j garmi: thi: isliye m ́~ ba:za:r nahĩ: gaya:.
    because today hot was therefore I market neg went
    Because it was hot, I didnt go to market.

The elements of co-referential phrases @yaaoMik kyõki and [sailae is liye
can be deleted. The word order undergoes a change as in (20a) and
(20b) below.

20a. Aaja gamaI- qaI [sailae maOM baaja,ar nahIM gayaa.
a:j garmi: thi: isliye m ́~ ba:za:r nahĩ: gaya:.
Today hot was therefore ar nahIM I market neg go-past
It was hot, therefore, I couldnt go to market.

20b. @yaaoMik Aaja gamaI- qaI maOM baaja,ar nahIM gayaa.
kyõki a:j garmi: thi: m ́~ ba:za:r nahĩ: gaya:.
because today hot was I market neg go-past
Because it was hot, I didnt go to market.

4.2.4.4. Cause Clauses

Cause is expressed by using these constructions: (a) finite clauses
marked by @yaaoMik kyõki ‘because’, (b) participles, and (c) infinitival
plus sao se from.

(a) Finite clauses

21. vah pZ, nahIM sakta @yaaoMik vah AnapZ, hO.
    vah parh nahĩ: sakta: kyõki vah anparh h ́.
    he read not able because he illiterate is
    He cannot read because he is illiterate.

21a. @yaaoMik vah AnapZ, hO vah pZ, nahIM sakta.
kyõki vah anparh h ́, vah parh nahĩ: sakta:.
Because he is illiterate, he cannot read.