4. SYNTAX
(b) Participles
- calato calato vah qaka AaOr baOz gayaa.
calte calte vah thaka: r b ́th gaya:.
walk-ptc he tired and sat aux
Because of walking (constantly), he was tired and sat down.
- maOM p`tIxaa krto krto qak gayaa.
m ́~ prati:kša: karte karte thak gaya:.
I wait do-ptc tired aux
I got tired of waiting.
The cause is expressed in (22) and (23) by reduplicated present and
past participles respectively. Cause can be expressed by other
participles, too.
- AiQak Saraba pIkr vah baImaar huAa.
adhik šara:b pi:kar vah bi:ma:r hua:.
more liquor drink-cp he sick was
Because he drank a lot (of liquor), he was sick. - dvaa[- Kato hI vah zIk huAa.
dava:i: kha:te hi: vah thi:kh hua:.
medicine eat-ptc emp he alright became
Immediately upon taking the medicine, he recovered (from
illness).
(c) Infinitive plus se with
- baccao ko Aanao sao saBaI KuSa hue.
bacce ke a:ne se sabhi: khuš hue.
child-obl-gen come-inf-obl with all happy were
Because of the arrival of the child, all were happy.
4.2.4.5. Condition Clauses
Condition clauses are marked by the conjunction agar/yadi ‘if’.
- Agar/yaid vah baaja,ar jaaegaa ifr maOM nahIM jaa}Ðgaa.
agar/yadi vah ba:za:r ja:yega:, phir m ́~ nahĩ: ja:ũ:ga:.
if he market go-fut-ms then I neg go-fut.1s
If he goes to market, (then) I won’t go.