4. SYNTAX
20b. Aimat karaobaar nahIM krta hO.
amit ka:roba:r nahĩ: karta: h ́.
Amit business neg do-ptc is
Amit is not doing a business.
4.3.3.5. Negation and Subordination
With predicates expressing opinion (pta haonaa pata: hona: ‘to know’,
expectation/ intention (caahnaa ca:hna: ‘to want’), or perception (laganaa
lagna: ‘to seem’ and ivacaar haonaa vica:r hona: ‘to have an opinion/to
think’), the matrix verb can be negated to express subordinate
negation.
- mauJao pta hO ik vah nahIM Aaegaa.
mujhe pata: h ́ ki vah nahĩ: a:yega:.
I-obl know is that he neg come-fut
I know that he will not come. - mauJao lagata hO ik Aaja baairSa nahIM haogaI.
mujhe lagta: h ́ ki a:j ba:riš nahĩ: hogi:.
I-dat seem-ptc is that today rain neg be-fut
It seems to me that it won’t rain today. - maOM caahta hUÐ ik vah karaobaar nahIM kro.
m ́~ ca:hta: hũ: ki vah karoba:r nahĩ: kare.
I want-ptc am that he business neg do-subjunctive
I don’t want him to do business. - maora ivacaar hO ik ]sao vah naaOkrI nahIM krnaI caaihe.
mera: vica:r h ́ ki use vah nøkri: nahĩ: karni: ca:hiye.
my opinion is that he-obl this job neg do-inf should
In my opinion, he should not take this job.
The negative particle nahIM nahĩ: can occur before the modal verbs pta
haonaa pata: hona:, laganaa lagna: and caahnaa ca:hna: but not before ivacaar haonaa
vica:r hona:. Thus, sentences (21-23) can be rephrased as (21a-23a)
but not as (24a).
21a. mauJao nahIM pta ik vah Aaegaa (ik nahIM).
mujhe nahĩ: pata: ki vah a:yega: (ki nahĩ:).