Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

4. SYNTAX

Direct object
52a. vah kyaa Kato hue AK,baar pZ, rha qaa?
vah kya: kha:te hue akhba:r parh raha: tha:?
What was he eating while reading a newspaper?

53. vah caaya pIto hue baccao kao pZ,a rha qaa.
    vah ca:y pi:te hue bacce ko parha: raha: tha:.
    he tea drinking-part child-dat teach-prog was
    He was teaching the child while drinking his tea?

Indirect object
53a. vah iksa kao caaya pIto hue pZa, rha qaa?
vah kis ko ca:y pi:te hue parha: raha: tha:?
Who was he teaching while drinking his tea?

54. vah raja ko saaqa baatoM krto hue jaa rha qaa.
    vah ra:j ke sa:th ba:tẽ karte hue ja: raha: tha:.
    he Raj with talk do-ptc go-prog was
    He was talking to Raj while going.

Object of a postposition
54a. vah iksako saaqa baatoM krto hue jaa rha qaa?
vah kiske sa:th ba:tẽ karte hue ja: raha: tha:?
Who was he talking to while going?

The subject of the subordinate clauses undergoes deletion in
sentences (52a-54a) because it is co-referential to the subject of the
matrix sentence. All the constituents of gerundive and infinitival
clause can be questioned.

55. vah @yaa krnao idllaI gayaa?
    vah kya: karne dilli: gaya:?
    he what do-inf-obl Delhi went
    Why did he go to Delhi?


56. maasTr nao laD,ko kao p~ ilaKnao ko ilae kha.
    ma:star ne larke ko patr likhne ke liye kaha:.
    teacher-erg student-dat letter write-inf-obl for told
    The teacher asked the student to write a letter?