4. SYNTAX
- Aro ̧ drvaaja,a baMd krao.
are darva:za: band karo.
hey door do-2s-fut close-2s-imp
Hey, close the door.
9a. Aro ̧ maorI baat tao sauinae.
are, meri: ba:t to suniye.
O, my talk emp listen-2p-imp
Hey, listen to me.
The vocative address forms may be followed by kinship terms like
Baa[-bha:i: ‘brother’, yaar ya:r/daost dost/ima~ mitr ‘friend’, Pyaaro pya:re ‘dear
one’ biahna bahin ‘sister’, and maa[- ma:i: ‘mother’.
- Aro Baa[-ÀyaarÀdaostÀima~ÀPyaaro dUQa laaAao.
are bha:i:/ya:r/dost/mitr/pya:re du:dh la:o.
hey brother/friend/dear one milk bring-2s-imp
Hey brother/friend/dear one, bring the milk.
10a. ArI baihna ̧ Apnaa kama kr.
ari: bahan, apna: ka:m kar.
hey-f sister selfs work do-2s-imp
Hey sister, do your work.
10b. ho Baa[- saahba yah AK,baar piZ,e.
he bha:i: sa:hab yah akhba:r parhiye.
oh-hon brother hon this newspaper read-pol
Oh brother, please read this newspaper.
The vocatives may also be followed by derogative terms like pagala
pa:gal ‘mad’, abusive terms like saalao sa:le ‘brother-in-law’, and sausaro
susre ‘father-in-law’ or other derogative expressions of address. The
use of such derogative terms and abusive kinship terms strengthen
the imperative.
- Aro saalao ̧ @yaa baaolata hOÆ
are sa:le, kya: bolta: h ́?
hey-mas brother-in-law what say-ptc be
Hey (my) brother-in-law, what are you saying?