Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

(Brent) #1

4. SYNTAX



  1. ]maa AaOr Anau ek jaOsaI hOM.
    uma: ør anu ek j ́si: h ́~.
    Uma and Anu alike are
    Uma and Anu are alike.


Equative adjectives may be modified by adding the particle –hI -hi:
to these forms: jaOsao hI j ́se hi:, jaOsaI hI j ́si: hi: ‘alike’. The particle –hI -
hi: is also added to singular forms for emphasis as well.



  1. ivajaya Ajaya jaOsaa hI hO.
    vijay ajay j ́sa: hi: h ́.
    Vijay Ajay like emp is
    Vijay is like Ajay.

  2. ]maa Anau jaOsaI hI hO.
    uma: anu j ́si: hi: h ́.
    Uma Anu alike emp is
    Uma is like Anu.


A number of fixed adjectival phrases are used in Hindi.



  1. fUla saa/ jaOsaa kaomala
    phu:l sa:/j ́sa: komal
    flower like delicate
    as delicate as a flower

  2. p%qar saa idla
    patthar sa: dil
    stone like heart
    a stone-hearted (person)


It is possible to delete the identical elements in equative structures.
Deletion is always forward and not backward.



  1. ]maa ]tnaI laMbaI hO ijatnaI ³laMbaI ́ Anau ³hO ́.
    uma: utni: lambi: h ́ jitni: (lambi:) anu (h ́).
    Uma cor tall is rel (tall) Uma (is)
    Uma is as tall as Anu.

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