Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

4. SYNTAX

4.3.12.1. Coordination and Accompaniment

Accompaniment is expressed by the postposition saaqa sa:th with or in
the company of. It can also be expressed by the conjunction
morpheme AaOr ør and.

33. saaohna AaOr maaohna Aae.
    sohan ør mohan a:ye.
    Sohan and Mohan came
    Sohan and Mohan came.

33a. saaohna maaohna ko saaqa Aayaa.
sohan mohan ke sa:th a:ya:
Sohan Mohan with came
Sohan came with Mohan.

Sentence (33) is an example of coordination, whereas sentence (33a)
denotes accompaniment. Notice that the accompaniment uses a
singular verb as in (33a). A single unit cannot be formed using
accompaniment, but can be formed by using coordination. The term
daonaaoM donõ ‘both’ can, therefore, be used with coordination, but not
with accompaniment.

33b. saaohna AaOr maaohna daonaaoM Aae.
sohan ør mohan donõ a:ye.
Sohan and Mohan both came
Sohan and Mohan both came.

33c. saaohna maaohna ko saaqa Aayaa daonaaoM.
sohan mohan ke sa:th a:ya: donõ.

The unity of the conjoined phrase cannot be distorted, and this unity
is expressed only by coordination and not by accompaniment.

33d. baoTa ipta ko saaqa Aayaa.
beta: pita: ke sa:th a:ya:.
son father-obl with came
The son came with the father.