Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

2. PHONOLOGY

Consonants

Bilabial Labio-dental Alveolar Dental Retroflex Palatal velar Glottal Stops

vl.unasp p t t k
vl.asp ph th th kh
vd.unsap b d d g
vd.asp bh dh dh gh
Affricates
vl.unas c
vl.asp ch
Vd.unas j
vd.asp jh

Nasal m n n (^) η
Trill r
Flap
unasp r
asp rh
Lateral l
Fricative
vl f s š x
vd z h
Semivowel v y

2.1.2. Description of Phonemes

2.1.2.1. Vowels

Oral Vowels

There is a contrast in the position of the tongue, the height of the
tongue, and the rounding of the lips in the articulation of vowels.

/i:/ (high front unrounded long vowel):
[-d i:d Eid
naIr ni:r water
jaldI jaldi: hurry