Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

2. PHONOLOGY

kaTnaa ka:tna: to cut
kaoT kot coat
/th/ (voiceless aspirated retroflex stop):
zga thag cheat
imaza[- mitha:i: sweets
Aaz a:th eight
/d/ (voiced unaspirated retroflex stop):
D,alaI da:li: branch
inaDr nidar fearless
saaMÐD sã:d bull
/dh/ (voiced aspirated retroflex stop):
Zaola dhol drum
gaZa gadha: ditch
/k/ (voiceless unaspirated velar stop):
kana ka:n ear
lakD,I lakri: wood
naak na:k nose
/kh/ (voiceless aspirated velar stop):
Kaodnaa khodna: to dig
doKnaa dekhna: to see
raK ra:kh ashes
/g/ (voiced unaspirated velar stop):
gad-na gardan neck
Agar agar if
Aaga a:g fire
/gh/ (voiced aspirated velar stop):
Gar ghar home
saUMÐGanaa sũ:ghna: to smell
baaGa ba:gh tiger

In the production of affricates, air coming out of the lungs passes
with friction when the articulator is released gradually. Affricates
occur in the initial, medial and final positions of words.

/c/ (voiceless unaspirated palatal stop):
caar ca:r four
baccaa bacca: child
kaMca kã:c glass
/ch/ (voiceless aspirated palatal affricate):
Co che six