Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

(Brent) #1

3. MORPHOLOGY


In the ]sao use/[sao ise/[nhoM inhẽ/]nhoM unhẽ forms, there is an inherent kao ko.
It is possible to use these forms along with nouns + kao ko.



  1. ]sao/]nhoM maaohna kao do dao.
    use/unhẽ mohan ko de do.
    that/those-dat Mohan-dat give-imp
    Give that/those to Mohan.

  2. [sao lao jaaAao.
    ise le ja:o.
    this-dat take-imp
    Take this.


The postposition kao ko is not normally used with time adverbials.



  1. vah Aaja Aaegaa.
    vah a:j a:ega:.
    he today come-fut
    He will come today.


16a. vah Aaja kao Aaegaa.
vah a:j ko a:ega:



  1. vah kla jaaegaa.
    vah kal ja:ega:.
    he tomorrow go-fut
    He will go tomorrow.


17a. vah kla kao jaaegaa.
vah kal ko ja:ega:.


But in certain contexts, kao ko can be used with kla kal, not to indicate
‘tomorrow,’ but to denote an indefinite time in the future.



  1. kaOna jaanao kla kao @yaa haogaa.
    køn ja:ne kal ko kya: hoga:.
    who know-obl tomorrow-obl what happen-fut
    Who knows what will happen tomorrow?

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