3. MORPHOLOGY
The approximate location is expressed by ko inakT ke nikat/ naja,dIk
nazdi:k/ krIba kari:b ‘near.’
- makana ko inakT/naja,dIk dukana hO.
maka:n ke nikat /nazdi:k duka:n h ́.
house near shop is
The shop is near the house. - vah dF,tr ko naja,dIk tk phuÐcaa.
vah daphtar ke nazdi:k tak pahũca:.
he office near up to reached
He reached up to/ near the house. - baccao kI Aavaaja, Gar ko krIba sao Aa[-.
bacce ki: a:va:z ghar ke kari:b se a:yi:.
child-obl gen voice house-gen near from came
The child’s voice came from near the house.
Interior location is expressed by ko AMdr ke andar/ maoM mẽ ‘inside of,’or
ko baIca maoM sao ke bi:c mẽ se ‘from inside’ preceded by the oblique case
suffixes.
- [sa makana maoM/ko AMdr kao[- nahIM rhta hO.
is maka:n mẽ/ke andar koi: nahĩ: rahta: h ́.
this house inside anyone neg live-pr is
No one lives inside this house. - baccaa kmaro ko baIca maoM sao inaklaa.
bacca: kamre ke bi:c mẽ se nikla:.
child room-abl from came out
The child came out of the house.
Exterior location is denoted by the postposition ko ke/ sao se baahr ba:har
‘outside of.’
- vah gaaÐva ko baahr rhta hO.
vah ga:ũ: ke ba:har rahta: h ́.
he village outside live-pr is
He lives outside the village.