Modern Hindi Grammar - Indian Institute of Language Studies (IILS)

3. MORPHOLOGY

42. gaaÐva ko drimayaana ek maisjad hO.
    ga:ũ: ke darmiya:n ek masjid h ́.
    village middle is one mosque is
    There is a mosque in the middle of the village.


43. gaaÐva ko baIca maoM sao ek nadI bahtI hO.
    ga:ũ: ke bi:c mẽ se ek nadi: bahti: h ́.
    village middle through one stream flow-ptc is
    A stream passes through the village.


44. gaaÐva ko baIca tk panaI phuÐcata hO.
    ga:ũ: ke bi:c tak pa:ni: pahũcta: h ́.
    village center up to water reach-ptc is
    Water reaches up to the center of the village.

Circumferential location is denoted by adding ko [d- igad- ke ird gird
‘around,’ ko caaraoM Aaor ke ca:rõ or ‘on all sides’ preceded by the oblique
forms of subject nouns.

45. [sa baaga ko [d- igad-ÀcaaraoM Aaor ek dIvaar hO.
    is ba:g ke ird gird/ca:rõ or ek di:va:r h ́.
    this-obl garden around/four sides one wall is
    There is a wall around this garden.


46. pulaIsa baOMk ko caaraoM trf KD,I hO.
    puli:s bank ke ca:rõ tarph khari: h ́.
    police bank all sides standing is
    The police are standing on all the sides of the bank.

Citerior-anterior location is expressed by saamanao sa:mne ‘in front
of’preceded by the subject nouns in oblique case. The expression ko
saamanao sao ke sa:mne se is used to denote ‘in the opposite direction.’

47. Amar caaor ko saamanao KD,a hO.
    amar cor ke sa:mne khara: tha:.
    Amar thief-gen front-obl standing was
    Amar was standing in front of the thief.