3. MORPHOLOGY
- vah puilasavaalaa ko saamanao sao gauja,ra.
vah pulisva:la: ke sa:mne se guzra:.
he policeman-gen front-obl from passed
He passed in front of the policeman.
Motion past an object at some distance is expressed by ko baIca maoM saoo ke
bi:c mẽ se ‘past/through in(side)’ preceded by the noun in the
oblique case.
- tola laMbaI pa[p sao karKanao tk phuÐcata hO.
tel lambi: payip se ka:rxa:ne tak pahũcta: h ́.
oil long-fs pipe through factory-obl up to reach-ptc is
Oil reaches the factory through the long pipe.
Motion past an object at right and left angles to it is expressed using
phrases such as da[-M Aaor da:ĩ: or ‘on the right-hand side’ and baa[-M Aaor
baĩ: or ‘on the left-hand side.’
- saD,k ko AaiKr pr saIQao da[-M Aaor inaklaao.
sarak ke a:khir par si:dhe da:ĩ: or niklo.
road-gen end at straight right hand side go-imp
At the end of this road, go straight towards the right. - pula par krko baa[-M Aaor jaanaa.
pul pa:r karke ba:ĩ: or ja:na:.
bridge cross-cp left towards go-imp
After crossing the bridge, go straight towards the left.
Other directional locatives are exemplified as follows.
- Baart ko ]<arÀdixaNaÀpUva-ÀpiScama maoM maaOsama zIk hOo.
bha:rat ke uttar/dakšin/pu:rv/pascim mẽ møsim thi:kh h ́
India-gen north/south/east/west in climate good is
The climate is good in the north/south/east/west of India.
The directional postposition kI Aaor ki: or ‘towards’ is added to the
above terms of directional locatives to indicate the meaning of
‘toward north/south/east/west.’
The expression naak ko saIQa maoM na:k ke si:dh mẽ ‘straight in the direction
of nose’ is used to denote the directional locative ‘straight ahead.’